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  <title>バイオマーケットjp</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/</link>
      <description>バイオ研究支援ビジネスポータルサイト</description>
        <pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 07:58:44 +0900</pubDate>
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        <language>ja</language>
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      <item>
  <title>Phagocytosis mechanism of apoptotic granulosa cells regulated by milk-fat globule-EGF factor 8.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5330</link>
      <description> Related Articles Phagocytosis mechanism of apoptotic granulosa cells regulated by milk-fat globule-EGF factor 8. Med Mol Morphol. 2009 Sep;42(3):143-9 Authors: Naka M, Kusakabe K, Takeshita A, Nakagawa H, Ito Y, Shibata MA, Otsuki Y In the process of ovary sexual maturation, most immature ovarian follicles degrade into atretic follicles accompanied by apoptosis in granulosa cells. Macrophages can recognize apoptotic cells through specific binding with phosphatidylserine (PS), exposed on the sur ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5330</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Phagocytosis mechanism of apoptotic granulosa cells regulated by milk-fat globule-EGF factor 8.
        Med Mol Morphol. 2009 Sep;42(3):143-9
        Authors:  Naka M, Kusakabe K, Takeshita A, Nakagawa H, Ito Y, Shibata MA, Otsuki Y
        In the process of ovary sexual maturation, most immature ovarian follicles degrade into atretic follicles accompanied by apoptosis in granulosa cells. Macrophages can recognize apoptotic cells through specific binding with phosphatidylserine (PS), exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, which is mediated by milk-fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8). In the present research, we examined the involvement of the MFG-E8-dependent phagocytosis system in the atretic follicles of developing mouse ovaries. The number of atretic follicles and DNA-fragmented granulosa cells significantly increased in B6C3F1 mice during 2 to 6 weeks. Chromatin-condensed granulosa cells were engulfed by macrophages, which existed in the stroma or atretic follicles, or by neighboring normal granulosa cells. MFG-E8 mRNA increased in ovaries during 2 to 6 weeks, and immunoreactivity of MFG-E8 was detected at the surface of apoptotic cells existing around the antrum. Immunoelectron microscopic study revealed MFG-E8-positive signals on the membrane of apoptotic cells near macrophages, but apoptotic cells engulfed by neighboring granulosa cells showed few signals. Anti-Fas antibody elevated the annexin-V-positive reaction in isolated granulosa cells from 3-week-old mouse ovaries. MFG-E8 seems to act on the phagocytosis of apoptotic granulosa cells via macrophages and contribute to the regression process of atretic follicles.
        PMID: 19784740 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Transgenic Mice Enriched in Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are More Susceptible to Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Impaired Resistance to Tuberculosis in fat-1 Mice.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5372</link>
      <description>Related Articles Transgenic Mice Enriched in Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are More Susceptible to Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Impaired Resistance to Tuberculosis in fat-1 Mice. J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 6; Authors: Bonilla DL, Fan YY, Chapkin RS, McMurray DN Background. Besides their health benefits, dietary omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can impair host resistance to intracellular pathogens. Previously, we and others have showed that n-3 PUFA-treated macrophages poorly control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infec ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5372</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Transgenic Mice Enriched in Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are More Susceptible to Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Impaired Resistance to Tuberculosis in fat-1 Mice.
        J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 6;
        Authors:  Bonilla DL, Fan YY, Chapkin RS, McMurray DN
        Background. Besides their health benefits, dietary omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can impair host resistance to intracellular pathogens. Previously, we and others have showed that n-3 PUFA-treated macrophages poorly control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro. Methods. Wild-type and fat-1 transgenic mice were infected with virulent H37Rv M. tuberculosis via the aerosol route. We evaluated bacteriological and histopathological changes in lungs, as well as differences in activation and antimycobacterial capacity in primary macrophages ex vivo. Results. fat-1 mice were more susceptible to tuberculosis, as demonstrated by higher bacterial loads and less robust inflammatory responses in lungs. Macrophages obtained from fat-1 mice were more readily infected with M. tuberculosis in vitro, compared with wild-type macrophages. This impaired bacterial control in cells from fat-1 mice correlated with reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion, impaired oxidative metabolism, and diminished M. tuberculosis-lysotracker colocalization within phagosomes. Conclusions. We showed that endogenous production of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 mice increases their susceptibility to tuberculosis, which could be explained in part by diminished activation and antimycobacterial responses in cells from fat-1 mice. These data suggest that n-3 PUFA-supplemented diets might have a detrimental effect on immunity to M. tuberculosis and raise concerns regarding the safety of omega-3 dietary supplementation in humans.
        PMID: 20053136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Mfge8 diminishes the severity of tissue fibrosis in mice by binding and targeting collagen for uptake by macrophages.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5433</link>
      <description> Related Articles Mfge8 diminishes the severity of tissue fibrosis in mice by binding and targeting collagen for uptake by macrophages. J Clin Invest. 2009 Dec;119(12):3713-22 Authors: Atabai K, Jame S, Azhar N, Kuo A, Lam M, McKleroy W, Dehart G, Rahman S, Xia DD, Melton AC, Wolters P, Emson CL, Turner SM, Werb Z, Sheppard D Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (Mfge8) is a soluble glycoprotein known to regulate inflammation and immunity by mediating apoptotic cell clearance. Since fibros ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5433</guid>
        
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  Related Articles
        Mfge8 diminishes the severity of tissue fibrosis in mice by binding and targeting collagen for uptake by macrophages.
        J Clin Invest. 2009 Dec;119(12):3713-22
        Authors:  Atabai K, Jame S, Azhar N, Kuo A, Lam M, McKleroy W, Dehart G, Rahman S, Xia DD, Melton AC, Wolters P, Emson CL, Turner SM, Werb Z, Sheppard D
        Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (Mfge8) is a soluble glycoprotein known to regulate inflammation and immunity by mediating apoptotic cell clearance. Since fibrosis can occur as a result of exaggerated apoptosis and inflammation, we set out to investigate the hypothesis that Mfge8 might negatively regulate tissue fibrosis. We report here that Mfge8 does decrease the severity of tissue fibrosis in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis; however, it does so not through effects on inflammation and apoptotic cell clearance, but by binding and targeting collagen for cellular uptake through its discoidin domains. Initial analysis revealed that Mfge8-/- mice exhibited enhanced pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin-induced lung injury. However, they did not have increased inflammation or impaired apoptotic cell clearance after lung injury compared with Mfge8+/+ mice; rather, they had a defect in collagen turnover. Further experiments indicated that Mfge8 directly bound collagen and that Mfge8-/- macrophages exhibited defective collagen uptake that could be rescued by recombinant Mfge8 containing at least one discoidin domain. These data demonstrate a critical role for Mfge8 in decreasing the severity of murine tissue fibrosis by facilitating the removal of accumulated collagen.
        PMID: 19884654 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Effects of oral administration of yam tuber storage protein, dioscorin, to BALB/c mice for 21-days on immune responses.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5658</link>
      <description> Related Articles Effects of oral administration of yam tuber storage protein, dioscorin, to BALB/c mice for 21-days on immune responses. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 14;57(19):9274-9 Authors: Liu YW, Liu JC, Huang CY, Wang CK, Shang HF, Hou WC Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam, was reported to have immunomodulatory activity in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell lines ( Food and Chemical Toxicology , 2007 , 45 , 2312 -2318 ). However, the immunomodulatory function of dioscorin after being  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5658</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Effects of oral administration of yam tuber storage protein, dioscorin, to BALB/c mice for 21-days on immune responses.
        J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 14;57(19):9274-9
        Authors:  Liu YW, Liu JC, Huang CY, Wang CK, Shang HF, Hou WC
        Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam, was reported to have immunomodulatory activity in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell lines ( Food and Chemical Toxicology , 2007 , 45 , 2312 -2318 ). However, the immunomodulatory function of dioscorin after being ingested was not elucidated in vivo. Hence, BALB/c mice were given oral dioscorin (2.5 and 20 mg/kg/day) once a day for 21-days. Lymphocyte subpopulation changes in the peripheral blood and splenocytes, stimulation in phagocytosis of the polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) and monocytes, the natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, the splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretions in the presence of PHA were determined. The number changes of Peyer's patches and secreted IgA (sIgA) in the feces were determined. Oral dioscorin for 21-days increased the subpopulation in natural killer cells (CD49(+)) and/or B cells (CD19(+)), elevated the phagocytosis of PMN (p < 0.01) and MON (p < 0.01), and the NK cell cytotoxic activity (p < 0.05), and stimulated splenocyte proliferations in the presence of LPS or PHA (p < 0.05) in comparison with those of the control. Cytokines of INF-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 secretions, the numbers of Peyer's patches, and sIgA in the feces showed higher levels in oral dioscorin and significant difference to those of the control (p < 0.001). These results suggested that dioscorin exhibited systemic and mucosal immunomodulatory activities after being ingested in vivo.
        PMID: 19743857 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Computational modeling of the human serum proteome response to colon resection surgery.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5732</link>
      <description> Computational modeling of the human serum proteome response to colon resection surgery. Anal Chim Acta. 2010 Feb 19;661(1):20-27 Authors: Xu CJ, Hoefsloot HC, Dijkstra M, Havenga K, Roelofsen H, Vonk RJ, Smilde AK Principal component analysis (PCA) is much used in exploring time-course biological data sets, but does not distinguish variation between time and subjects. This study proposes a new integrated approach by combining analysis of variance (ANOVA) and three component modeling methods. Th ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5732</guid>
        
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        Computational modeling of the human serum proteome response to colon resection surgery.
        Anal Chim Acta. 2010 Feb 19;661(1):20-27
        Authors:  Xu CJ, Hoefsloot HC, Dijkstra M, Havenga K, Roelofsen H, Vonk RJ, Smilde AK
        Principal component analysis (PCA) is much used in exploring time-course biological data sets, but does not distinguish variation between time and subjects. This study proposes a new integrated approach by combining analysis of variance (ANOVA) and three component modeling methods. The former was used to separate the between- and within-subject variation, and the latter represent modeling strategies on a scale moving from commonality to individuality. The proposed approach was applied to a surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) data set of a serum protein expression time course before and after colon resection. Two common biological processes are identified and individual differences among patients were also detected, and the biological relevance of both is discussed.
        PMID: 20113711 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Proteomic analysis of the effect of storage temperature on human serum.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5777</link>
      <description> Proteomic analysis of the effect of storage temperature on human serum. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2010;40(1):61-70 Authors: Lee DH, Kim JW, Jeon SY, Park BK, Han BG This study examined the effect of storage temperature on the protein profile of human serum. Serum samples were stored for &gt;/=7 days at -80 degrees C, -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and room temperature prior to proteomic analysis. Serum protein fractionations by SDS-PAGE, including high and low molecular weight (MW) proteins, showed that seve ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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        Proteomic analysis of the effect of storage temperature on human serum.
        Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2010;40(1):61-70
        Authors:  Lee DH, Kim JW, Jeon SY, Park BK, Han BG
        This study examined the effect of storage temperature on the protein profile of human serum. Serum samples were stored for >/=7 days at -80 degrees C, -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and room temperature prior to proteomic analysis. Serum protein fractionations by SDS-PAGE, including high and low molecular weight (MW) proteins, showed that several bands had different intensities after storage at higher temperatures. Fractionations by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) indicated that approximately 60 protein spots had changed significantly after storage at higher temperatures. These proteins included C3/C4, alpha2-macroglobulin, and alpha1B glycoprotein, based on identification by MS and MS/MS. The profile of the low MW serum proteins, analyzed using SELDI ProteinChip Arrays (IMAC3 and Q10), was also significantly changed after storage at higher temperatures. These results indicate that the higher storage temperatures have a significant influence on serum protein profiles regardless of MW. Based on these findings, serum specimens should be preferably be stored at -80 degrees C before proteomic analysis.
        PMID: 20124332 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Adalimumab for the treatment of psoriasis.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5783</link>
      <description> Related Articles Adalimumab for the treatment of psoriasis. Health Technol Assess. 2009 Sep;13 Suppl 2:49-54 Authors: Turner D, Picot J, Cooper K, Loveman E This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adalimumab for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis based upon a review of the manufacturer&apos;s submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appr ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5783</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Adalimumab for the treatment of psoriasis.
        Health Technol Assess. 2009 Sep;13 Suppl 2:49-54
        Authors:  Turner D, Picot J, Cooper K, Loveman E
        This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adalimumab for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis based upon a review of the manufacturer's submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The submission's clinical evidence came from three randomised controlled trials comparing adalimumab with placebo, two extension studies and one ongoing open-label extension study. The studies were of reasonable quality and measured a range of clinically relevant outcomes. A higher proportion of patients on 40 mg adalimumab every other week achieved an improvement on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) of at least 75% (PASI 75) compared with placebo groups after 12 or 16 weeks of treatment, and there was a statistically significant difference in favour of adalimumab for the proportion of patients achieving a PASI 50 and a PASI 90. In a mixed treatment comparison, for each PASI outcome the probability of a response was greater for infliximab than for adalimumab, but the probability of response with adalimumab was greater than that with etanercept, efalizumab and non-biological systemic therapies. Adverse event rates were similar in the treatment and placebo arms and discontinuations because of adverse events were low and comparable between groups. The submission's economic model presents treatment effectiveness for adalimumab versus other biological therapies based upon utility values obtained from two clinical trials. The model is generally internally consistent and appropriate to psoriasis in terms of structural assumptions and the methods used are appropriate. The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for adalimumab compared with supportive care for patients with severe psoriasis was 30,538 pounds per quality-adjusted life-year. Scenario analysis shows that the model was most sensitive to the utility values used. Weaknesses of the clinical evidence included not undertaking a systematic review of the comparator trials, providing very little in the way of a narrative synthesis of outcome data from the key trials and not performing a meta-analysis so that the overall treatment effect of adalimumab achieved across the trials is unknown. Weaknesses of the economic model included that the assumptions made to estimate the cost-effectiveness of intermittent etanercept used inconsistent methodology for costs and benefits and there were no clear data on the amount of inpatient care required under supportive care. The NICE guidance issued as a result of the STA states that adalimumab is recommended as a treatment option for adults with plaque psoriasis in whom anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment is being considered and when the disease is severe and when the psoriasis has not responded to standard systemic therapies or the person is intolerant to or has a contraindication to these treatments.
        PMID: 19804689 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Glycome profiling using modern glycomics technology: technical aspects and applications.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5794</link>
      <description>Related Articles Glycome profiling using modern glycomics technology: technical aspects and applications. Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 3; Authors: Vanderschaeghe D, Festjens N, Delanghe J, Callewaert N Abstract Glycomics research has become indispensable in many research fields such as immunity, signal transduction and development. Moreover, changes in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids have been reported in several diseases including cancer. The analysis of a complex posttranslational modification ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5794</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Glycome profiling using modern glycomics technology: technical aspects and applications.
        Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 3;
        Authors:  Vanderschaeghe D, Festjens N, Delanghe J, Callewaert N
        Abstract Glycomics research has become indispensable in many research fields such as immunity, signal transduction and development. Moreover, changes in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids have been reported in several diseases including cancer. The analysis of a complex posttranslational modification such as glycosylation depends on the availability or development of appropriate analytical technologies. The research goal determines the sensitivity, resolution and throughput requirements and guides the choice of a particular technology. This review highlights the evolution of glycan profiling tools in the last 5 years. We will focus on capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and lectin microarrays.
        PMID: 20128687 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>A bovine whey protein extract stimulates human neutrophils to generate bioactive IL-1Ra through a NF-kappaB- and MAPK-dependent mechanism.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5806</link>
      <description> Related Articles A bovine whey protein extract stimulates human neutrophils to generate bioactive IL-1Ra through a NF-kappaB- and MAPK-dependent mechanism. J Nutr. 2010 Feb;140(2):382-91 Authors: Rusu D, Drouin R, Pouliot Y, Gauthier S, Poubelle PE Innate immunity depends on the efficiency of neutrophils to be activated rapidly to restore homeostasis. It can benefit from priming agents that enhance neutrophil capacity to respond more efficiently to a subsequent stimulation. Among natural produc ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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 Related Articles
        A bovine whey protein extract stimulates human neutrophils to generate bioactive IL-1Ra through a NF-kappaB- and MAPK-dependent mechanism.
        J Nutr. 2010 Feb;140(2):382-91
        Authors:  Rusu D, Drouin R, Pouliot Y, Gauthier S, Poubelle PE
        Innate immunity depends on the efficiency of neutrophils to be activated rapidly to restore homeostasis. It can benefit from priming agents that enhance neutrophil capacity to respond more efficiently to a subsequent stimulation. Among natural products, a bovine whey protein extract (WPE) has been shown to prime normal human blood neutrophils by enhancing their chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation. These leukocytes are also an important source of cytokines, some of which have antiinflammatory functions. We investigated the role of WPE, as well as its mechanisms of action, on the production of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) by neutrophils in vitro. WPE dose-dependently stimulated de novo synthesis and release of IL-1Ra by normal human blood neutrophils. Among the major proteins present in WPE, beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) were the only active components. They had additive effects that exactly reproduced those of WPE. Similarly to WPE, they also stimulated the accumulation of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. However, neutrophils incubated with WPE, beta-LG, and alpha-LA produced IL-1Ra in excess of IL-1beta and the ratio IL-1Ra:IL-1beta increased linearly. The amounts of IL-1Ra stimulated by WPE or beta-LG + alpha-LA significantly reduced the IL-1 activity in EL4 cells. Inhibitors of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-kappaB cascades reduced neutrophil production of IL-1Ra. Our data suggest that WPE, through beta-LG + alpha-LA, has immunomodulatory properties and the potential to increase host defenses.
        PMID: 20032479 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Production of antibodies in plants: status after twenty years.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5809</link>
      <description> Production of antibodies in plants: status after twenty years. Plant Biotechnol J. 2010 Feb 3; Authors: De Muynck B, Navarre C, Boutry M Summary Thanks to their potential to bind virtually all types of molecules; monoclonal antibodies are in increasing demand as therapeutics and diagnostics. To overcome the overloading of current production facilities, alternative expression systems have been developed, of which plants appear the most promising. In this review, we focus on the expression of mon ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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        Production of antibodies in plants: status after twenty years.
        Plant Biotechnol J. 2010 Feb 3;
        Authors:  De Muynck B, Navarre C, Boutry M
        Summary Thanks to their potential to bind virtually all types of molecules; monoclonal antibodies are in increasing demand as therapeutics and diagnostics. To overcome the overloading of current production facilities, alternative expression systems have been developed, of which plants appear the most promising. In this review, we focus on the expression of monoclonal IgG or IgM in plant species. We analyse the data for 32 different antibodies expressed in various ways, differing in DNA construction, transformation method, signal peptide source, presence or absence of an endoplasmic reticulum retention sequence, host species and the organs tested, together resulting in 98 reported combinations. A large heterogeneity is found in the quantity and quality of the antibody produced. We discuss in more detail the strategy used to express both chains, the nature of the transcription promoters, subcellular localization and unintended proteolysis, when encountered.
        PMID: 20132515 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>B-1 cells and naturally occurring antibodies: influencing the immunogenicity of recombinant human therapeutic proteins?</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5808</link>
      <description> Related Articles B-1 cells and naturally occurring antibodies: influencing the immunogenicity of recombinant human therapeutic proteins? Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2009 Dec;20(6):715-21 Authors: Sauerborn M, Schellekens H Recombinant human therapeutic proteins are increasingly being used to treat serious and life-threatening diseases like multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. An important side effect of these proteins is the development of antidrug antibodies, which can be neutralizing  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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 Related Articles
        B-1 cells and naturally occurring antibodies: influencing the immunogenicity of recombinant human therapeutic proteins?
        Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2009 Dec;20(6):715-21
        Authors:  Sauerborn M, Schellekens H
        Recombinant human therapeutic proteins are increasingly being used to treat serious and life-threatening diseases like multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. An important side effect of these proteins is the development of antidrug antibodies, which can be neutralizing and thus interfere with the efficacy and safety of the drug. Some biophysical properties, for example, aggregation, also can initiate the immunogenic response to human therapeutics. Many other factors including patients' characteristics may influence this response. Besides induced antibodies, autoantibodies (i.e. naturally occurring antibodies [NAs]) against therapeutic relevant proteins in na&#xEF;ve patients are increasingly being identified. The role of autoreactive B cells and their escape from deletion, production of NAs and their pivotal function in the immune system, the dualistic role of B-1 cells in autoimmunity, and the influence of NAs on disease outcome and their possible impact on the efficacy of human therapeutics will be presented and discussed.
        PMID: 19892544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>From the gamma-glutamyl cycle to the glycan cycle: a road with many turns and pleasant surprises.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5824</link>
      <description> Related Articles From the gamma-glutamyl cycle to the glycan cycle: a road with many turns and pleasant surprises. J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 11;284(50):34469-78 Authors: Taniguchi N PMID: 19840938 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] </description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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   Related Articles
        From the gamma-glutamyl cycle to the glycan cycle: a road with many turns and pleasant surprises.
        J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 11;284(50):34469-78
        Authors:  Taniguchi N
        
        PMID: 19840938 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>The phasevarion: phase variation of type III DNA methyltransferases controls coordinated switching in multiple genes.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5844</link>
      <description> The phasevarion: phase variation of type III DNA methyltransferases controls coordinated switching in multiple genes. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 Feb 8; Authors: Srikhanta YN, Fox KL, Jennings MP In several host-adapted pathogens, phase variation has been found to occur in genes that encode methyltransferases associated with type III restriction-modification systems. It was recently shown that in the human pathogens Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis phase vari ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5844</guid>
        
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        The phasevarion: phase variation of type III DNA methyltransferases controls coordinated switching in multiple genes.
        Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 Feb 8;
        Authors:  Srikhanta YN, Fox KL, Jennings MP
        In several host-adapted pathogens, phase variation has been found to occur in genes that encode methyltransferases associated with type III restriction-modification systems. It was recently shown that in the human pathogens Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis phase variation of a type III DNA methyltransferase, encoded by members of the mod gene family, regulates the expression of multiple genes. This novel genetic system has been termed the 'phasevarion' (phase-variable regulon). The wide distribution of phase-variable mod family genes indicates that this may be a common strategy used by host-adapted bacterial pathogens to randomly switch between distinct cell types.
        PMID: 20140025 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>[Analysis of serum protein fingerprints on non-small cell lung cancer lymphatic metastasis.]</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5870</link>
      <description> [Analysis of serum protein fingerprints on non-small cell lung cancer lymphatic metastasis.] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Sep;89(35):2481-2485 Authors: L&amp;#xFC; C, Shen J, Wu N, Zheng QF, Wang J, Yan S, Feng Y, Yang Y OBJECTIVE: To establish a classification model and serum proteomic patterns in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with lymph node metastasis by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). METHODS: The relative contents of s ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5870</guid>
        
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        [Analysis of serum protein fingerprints on non-small cell lung cancer lymphatic metastasis.]
        Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Sep;89(35):2481-2485
        Authors:  L&#xFC; C, Shen J, Wu N, Zheng QF, Wang J, Yan S, Feng Y, Yang Y
        OBJECTIVE: To establish a classification model and serum proteomic patterns in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with lymph node metastasis by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). METHODS: The relative contents of serum proteins of 84 NSCLC patients with different N stages (35 N0 cases, 19 N1 and 30 N2 respectively) were detected by CM10 chip and SELDI-TOF-MS; two decision trees were generated to distinguish lymph nodes metastasis (N0 versus N1 + N2) and mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis (N0 + N1 versus N2) respectively. RESULTS: The model in which 50 patients were randomly chosen differentiated patients with lymph nodes metastasis from N0 patients with a sensitivity of 96.3%(26/27) and a specificity of 95.7%(22/23) in the training set, a following blind test was taken. Subsequently, compared with 49 patients with lymph node metastasis (N1 + N2), 15 patients with total negative lymph nodes (including lobar, segmental and subsegmental nodes necessarily) were defined as "true" N0 and were chosen to form a better predictive model with a 77.6% (38/49) sensitivity and a 93.3% (14/15) specificity respectively. And 6682.0Da, together with other five proteins, had significant difference between two groups; the result of this model for distinguishing the mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis is more accurate than thoracic CT analyses by Alongi F and many other clinical centers. It had a sensitivity of 80.0% (24/30) and a specificity of 77.8% (42/54) respectively. CONCLUSION: SELDI-TOF-MS showed a potential value for predicting lymph nodes metastasis in NSCLC patients. And further studies are required to confirm the models and identify the related proteins.
        PMID: 20137435 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>The promise of glycomics, glycan arrays and carbohydrate-based vaccines.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5873</link>
      <description>Related Articles The promise of glycomics, glycan arrays and carbohydrate-based vaccines. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2010 Feb 9; Authors: Lepenies B, Seeberger PH Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates are involved in a number of biological processes including host-pathogen interactions, cell communication, proliferation and differentiation as well as the initiation of immune responses. However, access to synthetic oligosaccharide structures has been limited for long time since no standardized pr ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5873</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        The promise of glycomics, glycan arrays and carbohydrate-based vaccines.
        Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2010 Feb 9;
        Authors:  Lepenies B, Seeberger PH
        Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates are involved in a number of biological processes including host-pathogen interactions, cell communication, proliferation and differentiation as well as the initiation of immune responses. However, access to synthetic oligosaccharide structures has been limited for long time since no standardized protocols for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides from monomeric building block existed. Recent advances in glycochemistry and glycobiology have helped elucidate biological functions of carbohydrates. Novel methods such as automated synthesis of vaccine candidates and immunologically relevant carbohydrates have contributed to this success as well as high-throughput methods such as glycan arrays. This review illustrates the impact of carbohydrate synthesis on the design of efficient carbohydrate-based antimicrobial and anticancer vaccines. Furthermore, this review focuses on how immunological research can benefit from these novel tools provided by glycochemistry.
        PMID: 20141495 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Comparison of Normalization Methods for the Identification of Biomarkers Using MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF Mass Spectra.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5874</link>
      <description>Related Articles Comparison of Normalization Methods for the Identification of Biomarkers Using MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF Mass Spectra. OMICS. 2010 Feb;14(1):115-26 Authors: Borgaonkar SP, Hocker H, Shin H, Markey MK Abstract Proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry has tremendous potential for identifying disease biomarkers. A key limitation of mass spectrometry is that the information provided on the abundance of the various peptides is only relative. Thus, normalization is typically employed. S ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5874</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Comparison of Normalization Methods for the Identification of Biomarkers Using MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF Mass Spectra.
        OMICS. 2010 Feb;14(1):115-26
        Authors:  Borgaonkar SP, Hocker H, Shin H, Markey MK
        Abstract Proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry has tremendous potential for identifying disease biomarkers. A key limitation of mass spectrometry is that the information provided on the abundance of the various peptides is only relative. Thus, normalization is typically employed. Several normalization methods have been proposed and implemented in the literature. However, it is not clear if there is any reason to prefer one method over another. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of normalization strategy on the identification of putative biomarkers from MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF mass spectra. Our results demonstrate that many of the putative biomarkers identified by mass spectrometry will be the same regardless of which data normalization scheme is applied. However, there can be substantial differences in the m/z values identified as being most discriminatory based on choice of normalization method. As there is no consistent pattern as to which normalization method yields the most promising targets for follow up study, we recommend that investigators routinely repeat their analysis with multiple normalization methods and consider the top several candidates identified in each case.
        PMID: 20141334 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Tipifarnib Plus Tamoxifen in Tamoxifen-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Negative Phase II and Screening of Potential Therapeutic Markers by Proteomic Analysis.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5877</link>
      <description> Tipifarnib Plus Tamoxifen in Tamoxifen-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Negative Phase II and Screening of Potential Therapeutic Markers by Proteomic Analysis. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 9; Authors: Dalenc F, Doisneau-Sixou SF, Allal BC, Marsili S, Lauwers-Cances V, Chaoui K, Schiltz O, Monsarrat B, Filleron T, Ren&amp;#xE9;e N, Malissein E, Meunier E, Favre G, Roch&amp;#xE9; H PURPOSE: Tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, has antitumor activity in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cance ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5877</guid>
        
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        Tipifarnib Plus Tamoxifen in Tamoxifen-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Negative Phase II and Screening of Potential Therapeutic Markers by Proteomic Analysis.
        Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 9;
        Authors:  Dalenc F, Doisneau-Sixou SF, Allal BC, Marsili S, Lauwers-Cances V, Chaoui K, Schiltz O, Monsarrat B, Filleron T, Ren&#xE9;e N, Malissein E, Meunier E, Favre G, Roch&#xE9; H
        PURPOSE: Tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, has antitumor activity in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients. Preclinical data suggest that FTIs could restore tamoxifen responsiveness in tamoxifen-resistant disease. Thus, combining FTIs and tamoxifen may be a promising clinical approach after relapse or progression on tamoxifen. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Postmenopausal patients with measurable estrogen receptor- and/or progesterone receptor-expressing metastatic breast cancers were enrolled. Only patients with disease progression on tamoxifen were eligible, but there was no limitation regarding prior chemotherapy or hormone therapy regimens. Patients were immediately treated with 300 mg (n = 12) or 200 mg (n = 10) tipifarnib twice daily for 21 of 28-day cycles plus tamoxifen once daily. Serum was collected at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment to enable proteomic comparison and identify possible predictive response markers. RESULTS: Twenty patients were enrolled and evaluated for efficacy: one patient had an objective response (liver metastasis) and nine had stable disease after 6 months for a clinical benefit rate of 50%; median duration of benefit was 10.3 (range, 7.4-20.2) months. The proteomic analysis by SELDI-TOF and LTQ-FT-Orbitrap identified a known peptide of fibrinogen alpha, the intensity of which was significantly increased in patients with progression compared with patients who benefited from the combined treatment after 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Because the primary end point of efficacy (three objective responses) was not achieved, the study is negative. Nevertheless, the identified peptide could be of interest in discriminating, at 8 weeks of treatment, responders from nonresponders. Clin Cancer Res; 16(4); 1264-71.
        PMID: 20145184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Never take candy from a stranger: the role of the bacterial glycome in host-pathogen interactions.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5888</link>
      <description> Never take candy from a stranger: the role of the bacterial glycome in host-pathogen interactions. Future Microbiol. 2010 Feb;5:267-88 Authors: Reid CW, Fulton KM, Twine SM With the comprehensive study and complete sequencing of the Haemophilus influenzae genome in 1995 came the term &apos;genomics&apos; and the beginning of the &apos;omics&apos; era. Since this time, several analogous fields, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, have emerged. While growth and advancement in these fields have increased understa ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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        Never take candy from a stranger: the role of the bacterial glycome in host-pathogen interactions.
        Future Microbiol. 2010 Feb;5:267-88
        Authors:  Reid CW, Fulton KM, Twine SM
        With the comprehensive study and complete sequencing of the Haemophilus influenzae genome in 1995 came the term 'genomics' and the beginning of the 'omics' era. Since this time, several analogous fields, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, have emerged. While growth and advancement in these fields have increased understanding of microbial virulence, the study of bacterial glycomes is still in its infancy and little is known concerning their role in host-pathogen interactions. Bacterial glycomics is challenging owing to the diversity of glyco-conjugate molecules, vast array of unusual sugars and limited number of analytical approaches available. However, recent advances in glycomics technologies offer the potential for exploration and characterization of both the structures and functions of components of bacterial glycomes in a systematic manner. Such characterization is a prerequisite for discerning the role of bacterial glycans in the interaction between host defences and bacterial virulence factors.
        PMID: 20143949 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>GlycoExtractor - a web-based interface for high throughput processing of HPLC-glycan data.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5887</link>
      <description> GlycoExtractor - a web-based interface for high throughput processing of HPLC-glycan data. J Proteome Res. 2010 Feb 9; Authors: Artemenko NV, Campbell MP, Rudd PM Recently, an automated high-throughput HPLC platform has been developed which can be used to fully sequence and quantify low concentrations of N-linked sugars released from glycoproteins, supported by an experimental database (GlycoBase) and analytical tools (autoGU). However, commercial packages that support the operation of HPLC ins ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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        GlycoExtractor - a web-based interface for high throughput processing of HPLC-glycan data.
        J Proteome Res. 2010 Feb 9;
        Authors:  Artemenko NV, Campbell MP, Rudd PM
        Recently, an automated high-throughput HPLC platform has been developed which can be used to fully sequence and quantify low concentrations of N-linked sugars released from glycoproteins, supported by an experimental database (GlycoBase) and analytical tools (autoGU). However, commercial packages that support the operation of HPLC instruments and data storage lack platforms for the extraction of large volumes of data. The lack of resources and agreed formats in glycomics is now a major limiting factor which restricts the development of bioinformatic tools and automated workflows for high-throughput HPLC data analysis. GlycoExtractor is a web-based tool which interfaces with a commercial HPLC database/software solution to facilitate the extraction of large volumes of processed glycan profile data (peak number, peak areas and glucose unit values). The tool allows the user to export a series of sample sets to a set of file formats (XML, JSON and CSV) rather than a collection of disconnected files. This approach not only reduces the amount of manual refinement required to export data into a suitable format for data analysis, but opens the field to new approaches for high-throughput data interpretation and storage, including biomarker discovery and validation and monitoring of on-line bioprocessing conditions for next generation biotherapeutics.
        PMID: 20143869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Native chromatin preparation and illumina/solexa library construction.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5893</link>
      <description>Related Articles Native chromatin preparation and illumina/solexa library construction. CSH Protoc. 2009 Jun 1;2009(6):pdb.prot5237 Authors: Cuddapah S, Barski A, Cui K, Schones DE, Wang Z, Wei G, Zhao K INTRODUCTION High-throughput whole-genome analysis has become a practical and important technique to understand nuclear processes, such as transcription, replication, and genome structure. Though microarrays have been the preferred genome-scale analysis method for over a decade, new technologies ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5893</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Native chromatin preparation and illumina/solexa library construction.
        CSH Protoc. 2009 Jun 1;2009(6):pdb.prot5237
        Authors:  Cuddapah S, Barski A, Cui K, Schones DE, Wang Z, Wei G, Zhao K
        INTRODUCTION High-throughput whole-genome analysis has become a practical and important technique to understand nuclear processes, such as transcription, replication, and genome structure. Though microarrays have been the preferred genome-scale analysis method for over a decade, new technologies, referred to as next-generation sequencing, offer distinct advantages over microarrays in both sensitivity and scale. Several next-generation sequencing platforms are currently available, including the Genome Analyzer (Solexa/Illumina), 454 (Roche), and ABI-SOLiD (Applied Biosystems). This protocol describes sample preparation for sequencing of chromatin-immunoprecipitated DNA (ChIP-Seq) to analyze histone modification patterns using native chromatin and the Genome Analyzer. One advantage of using native chromatin as compared to cross-linked chromatin is that it provides single-nucleosome-level resolution and avoids nonspecific modification signals from different nucleosomes carried over through protein-protein interactions. The protocol includes purification of human CD4+ T cells from lymphocytes and chromatin fragmentation using micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion, followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and construction of a library for sequencing.
        PMID: 20147195 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Managing the risks of IBD therapy.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5918</link>
      <description>Related Articles Managing the risks of IBD therapy. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009 Dec;11(6):509-17 Authors: Seow CH, de Silva S, Kaplan GG, Devlin SM, Ghosh S, Panaccione R Successful management of the patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves not only the induction and maintenance of remission, but also the optimization of the benefit-to-risk equation to achieve the greatest gain in quality of life. These risks range from intolerance to prescribed medications to potentially life-thr ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5918</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Managing the risks of IBD therapy.
        Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2009 Dec;11(6):509-17
        Authors:  Seow CH, de Silva S, Kaplan GG, Devlin SM, Ghosh S, Panaccione R
        Successful management of the patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves not only the induction and maintenance of remission, but also the optimization of the benefit-to-risk equation to achieve the greatest gain in quality of life. These risks range from intolerance to prescribed medications to potentially life-threatening sequelae (eg, sepsis) of immune suppression. A proper awareness of risk on the part of the physician and education of the patient can lead to early detection and institution of an appropriate management plan, including risk management and, optimally, primary prevention (eg, prophylactic vaccination). One should take the opportunity regularly to reassess the utility and efficacy of existing therapy, with the provision of ineffective therapies mandating urgent review. Overall, optimal management of the patient with IBD requires open dialogue between clinician and patient so that both are cognizant of the goals, benefits, and potential risks of therapy.
        PMID: 19903428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) from germinating nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) seeds: Isolation and characterization of the major form.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5926</link>
      <description> Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) from germinating nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) seeds: Isolation and characterization of the major form. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2010 Jan 28; Authors: Stratilov&amp;#xE1; E, Ait-Mohand F, Rehulka P, Garajov&amp;#xE1; S, Flodrov&amp;#xE1; D, Rehulkov&amp;#xE1; H, Farka&amp;#x161; V Five forms of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) differing in their isoelectric points (pI) were detected in crude extracts from germinating nasturtium seeds. Without further fractionati ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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        Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) from germinating nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) seeds: Isolation and characterization of the major form.
        Plant Physiol Biochem. 2010 Jan 28;
        Authors:  Stratilov&#xE1; E, Ait-Mohand F, Rehulka P, Garajov&#xE1; S, Flodrov&#xE1; D, Rehulkov&#xE1; H, Farka&#x161; V
        Five forms of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) differing in their isoelectric points (pI) were detected in crude extracts from germinating nasturtium seeds. Without further fractionation, all five forms behaved as typical endotransglycosylases since they exhibited only transglycosylating (XET) activity and no xyloglucan-hydrolysing (XEH) activity. They all were glycoproteins with identical molecular mass, and deglycosylation led to a decrease in molecular mass from approximately 29 to 26.5 kDa. The major enzyme form having pI 6.3, temporarily designated as TmXET(6.3), was isolated and characterized. Molecular and biochemical properties of TmXET(6.3) confirmed its distinction from the XTHs described previously from nasturtium. The enzyme exhibited broad substrate specificity by transferring xyloglucan or hydroxyethylcellulose fragments not only to oligoxyloglucosides and cello-oligosaccharides but also to oligosaccharides derived from beta-(1,4)-d-glucuronoxylan, beta-(1,6)-d-glucan, mixed-linkage beta-(1,3; 1,4)-d-glucan and at a relatively low rate also to beta-(1,3)-gluco-oligosaccharides. The transglycosylating activity with xyloglucan as donor and cello-oligosaccharides as acceptors represented 4.6%, with laminarioligosaccharides 0.23%, with mixed-linkage beta-(1,3; 1,4)-d-gluco-oligosaccharides 2.06%, with beta-(1,4)-d-glucuronoxylo-oligosaccharides 0.31% and with beta-(1,6)-d-gluco-oligosaccharides 0.69% of that determined with xyloglucan oligosaccharides as acceptors. Based on the sequence homology of tryptic fragments with the sequences of known XTHs, the TmXET(6.3) was classified into group II of the XTH phylogeny of glycoside hydrolase family GH16.
        PMID: 20153658 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Biochemical analysis of Lgt3, a glycosyltransferase of the bacterium Moraxella catarrhalis.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5927</link>
      <description> Biochemical analysis of Lgt3, a glycosyltransferase of the bacterium Moraxella catarrhalis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 11; Authors: Faglin I, Tiralongo J, Wilson JC, Collins PM, Peak IR The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Moraxella catarrhalis is unusual in that it lacks heptose. The sugar linking oligosaccharide to Lipid A is a trisubstituted glucose. A single enzyme, Lgt3, is suggested to trisubstitute this core sugar. The lgt3 gene encodes two distinct domains with high similarity to  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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        Biochemical analysis of Lgt3, a glycosyltransferase of the bacterium Moraxella catarrhalis.
        Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 11;
        Authors:  Faglin I, Tiralongo J, Wilson JC, Collins PM, Peak IR
        The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Moraxella catarrhalis is unusual in that it lacks heptose. The sugar linking oligosaccharide to Lipid A is a trisubstituted glucose. A single enzyme, Lgt3, is suggested to trisubstitute this core sugar. The lgt3 gene encodes two distinct domains with high similarity to glucosyltransferases of the GT-A superfamily, thus encoding a bidomain, multifunctional glucosyltransferase. To characterise Lgt3, the gene was amplified from M. catarrhalis, expressed in E. coli, and purified. Analysis of its glycosyltransferase catalytic activity ascertained the pH and temperature optima for Lgt3. The donor specificity and acceptor specificity were examined. This study confirms that Lgt3 is a glucosyltransferase which catalyses addition of glucose to its cognate receptor, a terminal glucose presented as the core region of LOS.
        PMID: 20153730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5940</link>
      <description> Related Articles B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol. 2010 Jan;221(1):136-45 Authors: Kala M, Rhodes SN, Piao WH, Shi FD, Campagnolo DI, Vollmer TL Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) thought to be primarily mediated by T cells. However, emerging evidence supports an important role for B cells in the pathogenesis and inhibition of MS. Glatiramer acetate (GA), a Food and Drug  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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 Related Articles
        B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
        Exp Neurol. 2010 Jan;221(1):136-45
        Authors:  Kala M, Rhodes SN, Piao WH, Shi FD, Campagnolo DI, Vollmer TL
        Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) thought to be primarily mediated by T cells. However, emerging evidence supports an important role for B cells in the pathogenesis and inhibition of MS. Glatiramer acetate (GA), a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the treatment of MS, has a good safety profile. But GA's mechanism of action in MS is still elusive. In this study, we showed that B cells from GA-treated mice increased production of IL-10 and reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules viz.: CD80 and CD86. B cells from GA-treated mice also diminished proliferation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(35-55)) specific T cells. Purified B cells transferred from GA-treated mice suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in recipient mice compared with B cells transferred from mice treated with PBS or ovalbumin. The treatment effect of GA in EAE was abrogated in B cell-deficient mice. Transfer of B cells from GA-treated mice inhibited the proliferation of autoreactive T cells as well as the development of Th1 and Th17 cells but promoted IL-10 production in recipient mice. The number of peripheral CD11b(+) macrophages in recipient mice also decreased after transfer of B cells from GA-treated mice; however, the number of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells remained unaltered. These results suggest that B cells are important to the protective effects of GA in EAE.
        PMID: 19879259 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa detoxified lipopolysaccharide structures as inducers of cytokines and oxidative species in macrophages.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5941</link>
      <description> Related Articles Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa detoxified lipopolysaccharide structures as inducers of cytokines and oxidative species in macrophages. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb;59(Pt 2):158-64 Authors: Paulovicov&amp;#xE1; E, Kov&amp;#xE1;cov&amp;#xE1; E, Bystrick&amp;#xFD; S Multidrug resistance in several strains of Vibrio cholerae has encouraged anti-cholera vaccine developmental attempts using various subcellular moieties. In order to examine the immunological efficacy of detoxified LPS (dLPS)-derived saccharid ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5941</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa detoxified lipopolysaccharide structures as inducers of cytokines and oxidative species in macrophages.
        J Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb;59(Pt 2):158-64
        Authors:  Paulovicov&#xE1; E, Kov&#xE1;cov&#xE1; E, Bystrick&#xFD; S
        Multidrug resistance in several strains of Vibrio cholerae has encouraged anti-cholera vaccine developmental attempts using various subcellular moieties. In order to examine the immunological efficacy of detoxified LPS (dLPS)-derived saccharide immunogens, ex vivo activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPhis) was investigated. The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated via induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-6 and acceleration of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immunologically active structures triggered mouse peritoneal MPhis to secrete cytokines and release NO/ROS, even at concentrations as low as 12.5 microg ml(-1). It was found that the O-specific polysaccharide moiety was more immunologically efficient than the glycolipid one, probably due to the position of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. The results revealed effective structure-immunomodulating relationships of dLPS-derived moieties that are desirable in subcellular anti-cholera vaccine design.
        PMID: 19815665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <item>
  <title>Analysis of the human seminal plasma glycome reveals the presence of immunomodulatory carbohydrate functional groups.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5955</link>
      <description> Related Articles Analysis of the human seminal plasma glycome reveals the presence of immunomodulatory carbohydrate functional groups. J Proteome Res. 2009 Nov;8(11):4906-15 Authors: Pang PC, Tissot B, Drobnis EZ, Morris HR, Dell A, Clark GF A recent analysis of the human sperm N-glycome confirmed the expression of biantennary bisecting type N-glycans and terminal Lewis(x)/Lewis(y) sequences previously implicated in the suppression of the innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively. In t ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5955</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Analysis of the human seminal plasma glycome reveals the presence of immunomodulatory carbohydrate functional groups.
        J Proteome Res. 2009 Nov;8(11):4906-15
        Authors:  Pang PC, Tissot B, Drobnis EZ, Morris HR, Dell A, Clark GF
        A recent analysis of the human sperm N-glycome confirmed the expression of biantennary bisecting type N-glycans and terminal Lewis(x)/Lewis(y) sequences previously implicated in the suppression of the innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively. In this study, glycomic analysis of seminal plasma glycoproteins derived from four fertile men was carried out to determine if the same sequences were expressed on the N- and O-glycome of human seminal plasma glycoproteins. Three major families of N-glycans were detected: (i) high mannose glycans (Man(5-7)GlcNAc(2)); (ii) bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary core-fucosylated complex type N-glycans with antennae terminated with Lewis(x) and/or Lewis(y) sequences; and (iii) bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary core-fucosylated complex type N-glycans with antennae capped with sialic acid. Analysis of the O-glycans revealed Core 1 and Core 2 type structures that are also fucosylated or sialylated or a combination of both. The same high mannose and polyfucosylated N-glycans associated with sperm are also present in seminal plasma. Bisecting type N-glycan expression is greatly decreased compared to sperm, while sialylated glycans are abundant in some individuals and minor in others. In summary, the glycosylation profile of seminal plasma glycoproteins is consistent with the modulation of the adaptive but not the innate arm of the human immune response.
        PMID: 19606896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Use of SELDI Mass Spectrometry to Discover and Identify Potential Biomarkers of Toxicity in InnoMed PredTox: a Multi-Site, Multi-Compound Study.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5973</link>
      <description> Use of SELDI Mass Spectrometry to Discover and Identify Potential Biomarkers of Toxicity in InnoMed PredTox: a Multi-Site, Multi-Compound Study. Proteomics. 2010 Feb 16; Authors: Collins BC, Sposny A, McCarthy D, Brandenburg A, Woodbury R, Pennington SR, Gautier JC, Hewitt P, Gallagher WM A serious bottleneck in the drug development pipeline is the inability of current preclinical toxicology evaluation methods to predict early on, and with good accuracy, that a drug candidate will have to be re ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5973</guid>
        
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        Use of SELDI Mass Spectrometry to Discover and Identify Potential Biomarkers of Toxicity in InnoMed PredTox: a Multi-Site, Multi-Compound Study.
        Proteomics. 2010 Feb 16;
        Authors:  Collins BC, Sposny A, McCarthy D, Brandenburg A, Woodbury R, Pennington SR, Gautier JC, Hewitt P, Gallagher WM
        A serious bottleneck in the drug development pipeline is the inability of current preclinical toxicology evaluation methods to predict early on, and with good accuracy, that a drug candidate will have to be removed from development due to toxicology/safety issues. The InnoMed PredTox consortium attempted to address this issue by assessing the value of using molecular profiling techniques (proteomics, transcriptomics, metabonomics), in combination with conventional toxicology measurements, on decision making earlier in preclinical safety evaluation. Here, we report on the SELDI-TOF-MS proteomics component of the InnoMed PredTox project. In this large scale, multi-site, multi-compound study, tissue and plasma samples from 14 day in vivoratexperiments conducted for 16 hepato- and nephro-toxicants with known toxicology endpoints (including 14 proprietary compounds and 2 reference compounds) were analysed by SELDI-TOF-MS. We have identified 7 plasma proteins and 4 liver proteins which were shown to be modulated by treatment, and correlated with histopathological evaluations and can be considered potential biomarker candidates for the given toxicology endpoints. In addition, we report on the intra- and inter-site variations observed based on measurements from a reference sample, and steps that can be taken to minimise this variation.
        PMID: 20162557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Natural killer T cells are involved in adipose tissues inflammation and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5974</link>
      <description> Related Articles Natural killer T cells are involved in adipose tissues inflammation and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Feb;30(2):193-9 Authors: Ohmura K, Ishimori N, Ohmura Y, Tokuhara S, Nozawa A, Horii S, Andoh Y, Fujii S, Iwabuchi K, Ono&amp;#xE9; K, Tsutsui H BACKGROUND: Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in adipose tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, which inte ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5974</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Natural killer T cells are involved in adipose tissues inflammation and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice.
        Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Feb;30(2):193-9
        Authors:  Ohmura K, Ishimori N, Ohmura Y, Tokuhara S, Nozawa A, Horii S, Andoh Y, Fujii S, Iwabuchi K, Ono&#xE9; K, Tsutsui H
        BACKGROUND: Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration in adipose tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, which integrate proinflammatory cytokines, have been demonstrated in the atherosclerotic lesions and in visceral adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether NKT cells are involved in glucose intolerance and adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine whether NKT cells are involved in the development of glucose intolerance, male beta(2)-microglobulin knockout (KO) mice lacking NKT cells and C57BL/6J (wild-type) mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks. Body weight and visceral obesity were comparable between wild-type and KO mice. However, macrophage infiltration was reduced in adipose tissue and glucose intolerance was significantly ameliorated in KO mice. To further confirm that NKT cells are involved in these abnormalities, alpha-galactosylceramide, 0.1 microg/g body weight, which specifically activates NKT cells, was administered after 13 weeks of HFD feeding. alpha-Galactosylceramide significantly exacerbated glucose intolerance and macrophage infiltration as well as cytokine gene expression in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: NKT cells play a crucial role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obesity.
        PMID: 19910631 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Human iPS cell-based therapy: Considerations before clinical applications.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5976</link>
      <description> Human iPS cell-based therapy: Considerations before clinical applications. Cell Cycle. 2010 Mar 2;9(5) Authors: Sun N, Longaker MT, Wu JC Generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has revolutionized the field of regenerative medicine. With the exponential increase in iPS cell research in the past three years, human iPS cells have been derived with different technologies and from various cell types. From a translational perspective, however, a number of issues must be addressed before s ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5976</guid>
        
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        Human iPS cell-based therapy: Considerations before clinical applications.
        Cell Cycle. 2010 Mar 2;9(5)
        Authors:  Sun N, Longaker MT, Wu JC
        Generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has revolutionized the field of regenerative medicine. With the exponential increase in iPS cell research in the past three years, human iPS cells have been derived with different technologies and from various cell types. From a translational perspective, however, a number of issues must be addressed before safe and high quality patient-specific iPS cells can be derived for clinical applications. In addition, iPS cell-based therapies also need to be thoroughly evaluated in pre-clinical animal models before they can be applied to human subjects.
        PMID: 20160515 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Progenitor Cells for Regenerative Medicine and Consequences of ART and Cloning-Associated Epimutations.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5978</link>
      <description> Progenitor Cells for Regenerative Medicine and Consequences of ART and Cloning-Associated Epimutations. Mol Biotechnol. 2010 Feb 17; Authors: Laprise SL The &quot;holy grail&quot; of regenerative medicine is the identification of an undifferentiated progenitor cell that is pluripotent, patient specific, and ethically unambiguous. Such a progenitor cell must also be able to differentiate into functional, transplantable tissue, while avoiding the risks of immune rejection. With reports detailing aberrant g ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5978</guid>
        
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        Progenitor Cells for Regenerative Medicine and Consequences of ART and Cloning-Associated Epimutations.
        Mol Biotechnol. 2010 Feb 17;
        Authors:  Laprise SL
        The "holy grail" of regenerative medicine is the identification of an undifferentiated progenitor cell that is pluripotent, patient specific, and ethically unambiguous. Such a progenitor cell must also be able to differentiate into functional, transplantable tissue, while avoiding the risks of immune rejection. With reports detailing aberrant genomic imprinting associated with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and reproductive cloning, the idea that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from surplus in vitro fertilized embryos or nuclear transfer ESCs (ntESCs) harvested from cloned embryos may harbor dangerous epigenetic errors has gained attention. Various progenitor cell sources have been proposed for human therapy, from hESCs to ntESCs, and from adult stem cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS and piPS cells). This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of these technologies, with particular emphasis on epigenetic stability.
        PMID: 20162468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Induced Pluripotent Reprogramming from Promiscuous Human Stemness Related Factors.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5977</link>
      <description> Induced Pluripotent Reprogramming from Promiscuous Human Stemness Related Factors. Clin Transl Sci. 2009 Apr 1;2(2):118-126 Authors: Nelson TJ, Martinez-Fernandez A, Yamada S, Mael AA, Terzic A, Ikeda Y Ectopic expression of pluripotency gene sets provokes nuclear reprogramming in permissive somatic tissue environments generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The evolutionary conserved function of stemness orthologs was here tested through interspecies transduction. A spectrum of HIV-ba ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5977</guid>
        
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        Induced Pluripotent Reprogramming from Promiscuous Human Stemness Related Factors.
        Clin Transl Sci. 2009 Apr 1;2(2):118-126
        Authors:  Nelson TJ, Martinez-Fernandez A, Yamada S, Mael AA, Terzic A, Ikeda Y
        Ectopic expression of pluripotency gene sets provokes nuclear reprogramming in permissive somatic tissue environments generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The evolutionary conserved function of stemness orthologs was here tested through interspecies transduction. A spectrum of HIV-based lentiviral vectors was designed, and point mutations in the HIV-1 capsid region identified for efficient infectivity and expanded trans-species tropism. Human pluripotent gene sequences, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC, packaged into engineered lentiviral expression vectors achieved consistent expression in non-human fibroblasts. Despite variation in primary amino-acid sequence between species, introduction of human pluripotent genes produced cell lines with embryonic stem cell-like morphology. Transduced fibroblasts differentiated in vitro into all three germ layers according to gastrulation gene expression profiles, and formed in vivo teratoma with multi-lineage potential. Reprogrammed progeny incorporated into non-human morula to produce blastomeres capable of developing into chimeric embryos with competent organogenesis. This model system establishes a prototypic approach to examine consequences of human stemness factors induced reprogramming in the context of normal embryonic development, exploiting non-human early stage embryos. Thus, ectopic xeno-transduction across species unmasks the promiscuous nature of stemness induction, suggesting evolutionary selection of core processes for somatic tissue reprogramming.
        PMID: 20161095 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Sympatric ecological speciation meets pyrosequencing: sampling the transcriptome of the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5980</link>
      <description> Related Articles Sympatric ecological speciation meets pyrosequencing: sampling the transcriptome of the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella. BMC Genomics. 2009;10:633 Authors: Schwarz D, Robertson HM, Feder JL, Varala K, Hudson ME, Ragland GJ, Hahn DA, Berlocher SH BACKGROUND: The full power of modern genetics has been applied to the study of speciation in only a small handful of genetic model species--all of which speciated allopatrically. Here we report the first large expressed sequence tag ( ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5980</guid>
        
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  Related Articles
        Sympatric ecological speciation meets pyrosequencing: sampling the transcriptome of the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella.
        BMC Genomics. 2009;10:633
        Authors:  Schwarz D, Robertson HM, Feder JL, Varala K, Hudson ME, Ragland GJ, Hahn DA, Berlocher SH
        BACKGROUND: The full power of modern genetics has been applied to the study of speciation in only a small handful of genetic model species--all of which speciated allopatrically. Here we report the first large expressed sequence tag (EST) study of a candidate for ecological sympatric speciation, the apple maggot Rhagoletis pomonella, using massively parallel pyrosequencing on the Roche 454-FLX platform. To maximize transcript diversity we created and sequenced separate libraries from larvae, pupae, adult heads, and headless adult bodies. RESULTS: We obtained 239,531 sequences which assembled into 24,373 contigs. A total of 6810 unique protein coding genes were identified among the contigs and long singletons, corresponding to 48% of all known Drosophila melanogaster protein-coding genes. Their distribution across GO classes suggests that we have obtained a representative sample of the transcriptome. Among these sequences are many candidates for potential R. pomonella "speciation genes" (or "barrier genes") such as those controlling chemosensory and life-history timing processes. Furthermore, we identified important marker loci including more than 40,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and over 100 microsatellites. An initial search for SNPs at which the apple and hawthorn host races differ suggested at least 75 loci warranting further work. We also determined that developmental expression differences remained even after normalization; transcripts expected to show different expression levels between larvae and pupae in D. melanogaster also did so in R. pomonella. Preliminary comparative analysis of transcript presences and absences revealed evidence of gene loss in Drosophila and gain in the higher dipteran clade Schizophora. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a much needed resource for exploring mechanisms of divergence in this important model for sympatric ecological speciation. Our description of ESTs from a substantial portion of the R. pomonella transcriptome will facilitate future functional studies of candidate genes for olfaction and diapause-related life history timing, and will enable large scale expression studies. Similarly, the identification of new SNP and microsatellite markers will facilitate future population and quantitative genetic studies of divergence between the apple and hawthorn-infesting host races.
        PMID: 20035631 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>MicroRNA and tasiRNA diversity in mature pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5981</link>
      <description> Related Articles MicroRNA and tasiRNA diversity in mature pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics. 2009;10:643 Authors: Grant-Downton R, Le Trionnaire G, Schmid R, Rodriguez-Enriquez J, Hafidh S, Mehdi S, Twell D, Dickinson H BACKGROUND: New generation sequencing technology has allowed investigation of the small RNA populations of flowering plants at great depth. However, little is known about small RNAs in their reproductive cells, especially in post-meiotic cells of the gametophyte gener ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5981</guid>
        
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  Related Articles
        MicroRNA and tasiRNA diversity in mature pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana.
        BMC Genomics. 2009;10:643
        Authors:  Grant-Downton R, Le Trionnaire G, Schmid R, Rodriguez-Enriquez J, Hafidh S, Mehdi S, Twell D, Dickinson H
        BACKGROUND: New generation sequencing technology has allowed investigation of the small RNA populations of flowering plants at great depth. However, little is known about small RNAs in their reproductive cells, especially in post-meiotic cells of the gametophyte generation. Pollen - the male gametophyte - is the specialised haploid structure that generates and delivers the sperm cells to the female gametes at fertilisation. Whether development and differentiation of the male gametophyte depends on the action of microRNAs and trans-acting siRNAs guiding changes in gene expression is largely unknown. Here we have used 454 sequencing to survey the various small RNA populations present in mature pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS: In this study we detected the presence of 33 different microRNA families in mature pollen and validated the expression levels of 17 selected miRNAs by Q-RT-PCR. The majority of the selected miRNAs showed pollen-enriched expression compared with leaves. Furthermore, we report for the first time the presence of trans-acting siRNAs in pollen. In addition to describing new patterns of expression for known small RNAs in each of these classes, we identified 7 putative novel microRNAs. One of these, ath-MIR2939, targets a pollen-specific F-box transcript and we demonstrate cleavage of its target mRNA in mature pollen. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the apparent simplicity of the male gametophyte, comprising just two different cell types, pollen not only utilises many miRNAs and trans-acting siRNAs expressed in the somatic tissues but also expresses novel miRNAs.
        PMID: 20042113 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>De novo genome sequence assembly of a filamentous fungus using Sanger, 454 and Illumina sequence data.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5979</link>
      <description> Related Articles De novo genome sequence assembly of a filamentous fungus using Sanger, 454 and Illumina sequence data. Genome Biol. 2009;10(9):R94 Authors: Diguistini S, Liao NY, Platt D, Robertson G, Seidel M, Chan SK, Docking TR, Birol I, Holt RA, Hirst M, Mardis E, Marra MA, Hamelin RC, Bohlmann J, Breuil C, Jones SJ Sequencing-by-synthesis technologies can reduce the cost of generating de novo genome assemblies. We report a method for assembling draft genome sequences of eukaryotic organis ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5979</guid>
        
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  Related Articles
        De novo genome sequence assembly of a filamentous fungus using Sanger, 454 and Illumina sequence data.
        Genome Biol. 2009;10(9):R94
        Authors:  Diguistini S, Liao NY, Platt D, Robertson G, Seidel M, Chan SK, Docking TR, Birol I, Holt RA, Hirst M, Mardis E, Marra MA, Hamelin RC, Bohlmann J, Breuil C, Jones SJ
        Sequencing-by-synthesis technologies can reduce the cost of generating de novo genome assemblies. We report a method for assembling draft genome sequences of eukaryotic organisms that integrates sequence information from different sources, and demonstrate its effectiveness by assembling an approximately 32.5 Mb draft genome sequence for the forest pathogen Grosmannia clavigera, an ascomycete fungus. We also developed a method for assessing draft assemblies using Illumina paired end read data and demonstrate how we are using it to guide future sequence finishing. Our results demonstrate that eukaryotic genome sequences can be accurately assembled by combining Illumina, 454 and Sanger sequence data.
        PMID: 19747388 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Emerging drugs for small-cell lung cancer.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5982</link>
      <description>Related Articles Emerging drugs for small-cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Dec;14(4):591-606 Authors: Metro G, Cappuzzo F Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressing tumor in which chemotherapy has a limited impact on survival. Unfortunately, little progress has been made in the medical management of SCLC during the last 30 years, which is best exemplified by the fact that standard first-line chemotherapy has remained platinum-based over time. On the other hand, improve ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5982</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Emerging drugs for small-cell lung cancer.
        Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Dec;14(4):591-606
        Authors:  Metro G, Cappuzzo F
        Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressing tumor in which chemotherapy has a limited impact on survival. Unfortunately, little progress has been made in the medical management of SCLC during the last 30 years, which is best exemplified by the fact that standard first-line chemotherapy has remained platinum-based over time. On the other hand, improvements in survival have been obtained only with the introduction of innovative radiation strategies such as accelerated hyperfractionation to the thorax for limited-stage disease and prophylactic cranial irradiation for both limited- and extensive-stage disease. However, recent advances in the understanding of SCLC biology have renewed the interest in the clinical development of active drugs for SCLC. In this review, we address the most promising agents under clinical evaluation, discussing both novel chemotherapeutic agents and targeted agents. Particularly, amrubicin, a fully synthetic anthracycline, is a very active agent for SCLC, and ongoing Phase III trials are evaluating this agent either in the first-line setting of extensive-stage or relapsed disease. Among targeted agents, anti-angiogenic strategies and Bcl-2 inhibitors represent the most promising approaches, and they are being specifically tested in combination with and/or as maintenance therapy after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
        PMID: 19694501 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>No Evidence for Clonal Selection due to Lentiviral Integration Sites in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5992</link>
      <description>Related Articles No Evidence for Clonal Selection due to Lentiviral Integration Sites in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells. 2010 Feb 17; Authors: Winkler T, Cantilena A, M&amp;#xE9;tais JY, Xu X, Nguyen AD, Borate B, Antosiewicz-Bourget JE, Wolfsberg TG, A Thomson J, Dunbar CE Derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells requires the expression of defined transcription factors (among Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog and Lin28) in the targeted cells. Lentiviral or standard retrov ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5992</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        No Evidence for Clonal Selection due to Lentiviral Integration Sites in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.
        Stem Cells. 2010 Feb 17;
        Authors:  Winkler T, Cantilena A, M&#xE9;tais JY, Xu X, Nguyen AD, Borate B, Antosiewicz-Bourget JE, Wolfsberg TG, A Thomson J, Dunbar CE
        Derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells requires the expression of defined transcription factors (among Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog and Lin28) in the targeted cells. Lentiviral or standard retroviral gene transfer remains the most robust and commonly used approach. Low reprogramming frequency overall, and the higher efficiency of derivation utilizing integrating vectors compared to more recent non-viral approaches suggests that gene activation or disruption via proviral integration sites (IS) may play a role in obtaining the pluripotent phenotype. We provide for the first time an extensive analysis of the lentiviral integration profile in human iPS cells. We identified a total of 78 independent integration sites (IS) in 8 recently established iPS cell lines derived from either human fetal fibroblasts or newborn foreskin fibroblasts after lentiviral gene transfer of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28. The number of IS ranged from 5 to15 IS per individual iPS clone and 75 IS could be assigned to a unique chromosomal location. The different iPS clones had no IS in common. Expression analysis as well as extensive bioinformatic analysis did not reveal functional concordance of the lentiviral targeted genes between the different clones. Interestingly, in 6 of the 8 iPS clones some of the IS were found in pairs, integrated into the same chromosomal location within six base pairs of each other or in very close proximity. Our study supports recent reports that efficient reprogramming of human somatic cells is not dependent on insertional activation or deactivation of specific genes or gene classes.
        PMID: 20166152 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Telomere elongation in induced pluripotent stem cells from dyskeratosis congenita patients.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5991</link>
      <description>Related Articles Telomere elongation in induced pluripotent stem cells from dyskeratosis congenita patients. Nature. 2010 Feb 17; Authors: Agarwal S, Loh YH, McLoughlin EM, Huang J, Park IH, Miller JD, Huo H, Okuka M, Dos Reis RM, Loewer S, Ng HH, Keefe DL, Goldman FD, Klingelhutz AJ, Liu L, Daley GQ Patients with dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a disorder of telomere maintenance, suffer degeneration of multiple tissues. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent invaluable in  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=5991</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Telomere elongation in induced pluripotent stem cells from dyskeratosis congenita patients.
        Nature. 2010 Feb 17;
        Authors:  Agarwal S, Loh YH, McLoughlin EM, Huang J, Park IH, Miller JD, Huo H, Okuka M, Dos Reis RM, Loewer S, Ng HH, Keefe DL, Goldman FD, Klingelhutz AJ, Liu L, Daley GQ
        Patients with dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a disorder of telomere maintenance, suffer degeneration of multiple tissues. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent invaluable in vitro models for human degenerative disorders like DC. A cardinal feature of iPS cells is acquisition of indefinite self-renewal capacity, which is accompanied by induction of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT). We investigated whether defects in telomerase function would limit derivation and maintenance of iPS cells from patients with DC. Here we show that reprogrammed DC cells overcome a critical limitation in telomerase RNA component (TERC) levels to restore telomere maintenance and self-renewal. We discovered that TERC upregulation is a feature of the pluripotent state, that several telomerase components are targeted by pluripotency-associated transcription factors, and that in autosomal dominant DC, transcriptional silencing accompanies a 3' deletion at the TERC locus. Our results demonstrate that reprogramming restores telomere elongation in DC cells despite genetic lesions affecting telomerase, and show that strategies to increase TERC expression may be therapeutically beneficial in DC patients.
        PMID: 20164838 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Transcriptomic changes arising during light-induced sporulation in Physarum polycephalum.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6006</link>
      <description>Related Articles Transcriptomic changes arising during light-induced sporulation in Physarum polycephalum. BMC Genomics. 2010 Feb 17;11(1):115 Authors: Barrantes I, Glockner G, Meyer S, Marwan W ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physarum polycephalum is a free-living amoebozoan protist displaying a complex life cycle, including alternation between single- and multinucleate stages through sporulation, a simple form of cell differentiation. Sporulation in Physarum can be experimentally induced by several exte ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6006</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Transcriptomic changes arising during light-induced sporulation in Physarum polycephalum.
        BMC Genomics. 2010 Feb 17;11(1):115
        Authors:  Barrantes I, Glockner G, Meyer S, Marwan W
        ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physarum polycephalum is a free-living amoebozoan protist displaying a complex life cycle, including alternation between single- and multinucleate stages through sporulation, a simple form of cell differentiation. Sporulation in Physarum can be experimentally induced by several external factors, and Physarum displays many biochemical features typical for metazoan cells, including metazoan-type signaling pathways, which makes this organism a model to study cell cycle, cell differentiation and cellular reprogramming. RESULTS: In order to identify the genes associated to the light-induced sporulation in Physarum, especially those related to signal transduction, we isolated RNA before and after photoinduction from sporulation-competent cells, and used these RNAs to synthesize cDNAs, which were then analyzed using the 454 sequencing technology. We obtained 16,669 cDNAs that were annotated at every computational level. 13,169 transcripts included hit count data, from which 2,772 displayed significant differential expression (upregulated: 1,623; downregulated: 1,149). Transcripts with valid annotations and significant differential expression were later integrated into putative networks using interaction information from orthologs. CONCLUSIONS: Gene ontology analysis suggested that most significantly downregulated genes are linked to DNA repair, cell division, inhibition of cell migration, and calcium release, while highly upregulated genes were involved in cell death, cell polarization, maintenance of integrity, and differentiation. In addition, cell death-associated transcripts were overrepresented between the upregulated transcripts. These changes are associated to a network of actin-binding proteins encoded by genes that are differentially regulated before and after light induction.
        PMID: 20163733 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>DLA-based strategies for cloning insertion mutants: cloning the gl4 locus of maize using Mu transposon tagged alleles.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6005</link>
      <description> Related Articles DLA-based strategies for cloning insertion mutants: cloning the gl4 locus of maize using Mu transposon tagged alleles. Genetics. 2009 Dec;183(4):1215-25 Authors: Liu S, Dietrich CR, Schnable PS Digestion-ligation-amplification (DLA), a novel adaptor-mediated PCR-based method that uses a single-stranded oligo as the adaptor, was developed to overcome difficulties of amplifying unknown sequences flanking known DNA sequences in large genomes. DLA specifically overcomes the problem ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6005</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        DLA-based strategies for cloning insertion mutants: cloning the gl4 locus of maize using Mu transposon tagged alleles.
        Genetics. 2009 Dec;183(4):1215-25
        Authors:  Liu S, Dietrich CR, Schnable PS
        Digestion-ligation-amplification (DLA), a novel adaptor-mediated PCR-based method that uses a single-stranded oligo as the adaptor, was developed to overcome difficulties of amplifying unknown sequences flanking known DNA sequences in large genomes. DLA specifically overcomes the problems associated with existing methods for amplifying genomic sequences flanking Mu transposons, including high levels of nonspecific amplification. Two DLA-based strategies, MuClone and DLA-454, were developed to isolate Mu-tagged alleles. MuClone allows for the amplification of subsets of the numerous Mu transposons in the genome, using unique three-nucleotide tags at the 3' ends of primers, simplifying the identification of flanking sequences that cosegregate with mutant phenotypes caused by Mu insertions. DLA-454, which combines DLA with 454 pyrosequencing, permits the efficient cloning of genes for which multiple independent insertion alleles are available without the need to develop segregating populations. The utility of each approach was validated by independently cloning the gl4 (glossy4) gene. Mutants of gl4 lack the normal accumulation of epicuticular waxes. The gl4 gene is a homolog of the Arabidopsis CUT1 gene, which encodes a condensing enzyme involved in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, which are precursors of epicuticular waxes.
        PMID: 19805815 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Increased phosphorylation of vimentin in noninfiltrative meningiomas.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6021</link>
      <description>Related Articles Increased phosphorylation of vimentin in noninfiltrative meningiomas. PLoS One. 2010;5(2):e9238 Authors: Bouamrani A, Ramus C, Gay E, Pelletier L, Cubizolles M, Brugi&amp;#xE8;re S, Wion D, Berger F, Issartel JP BACKGROUND: Tissue invasion or tissue infiltration are clinical behaviors of a poor-prognosis subset of meningiomas. We carried out proteomic analyses of tissue extracts to discover new markers to accurately distinguish between infiltrative and noninfiltrative meningiomas. M ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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Related Articles
        Increased phosphorylation of vimentin in noninfiltrative meningiomas.
        PLoS One. 2010;5(2):e9238
        Authors:  Bouamrani A, Ramus C, Gay E, Pelletier L, Cubizolles M, Brugi&#xE8;re S, Wion D, Berger F, Issartel JP
        BACKGROUND: Tissue invasion or tissue infiltration are clinical behaviors of a poor-prognosis subset of meningiomas. We carried out proteomic analyses of tissue extracts to discover new markers to accurately distinguish between infiltrative and noninfiltrative meningiomas. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Protein lysates of 64 different tissue samples (including two brain-invasive and 32 infiltrative tumors) were submitted to SELDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis. Mass profiles were used to build up both unsupervised and supervised hierarchical clustering. One marker was found at high levels in noninvasive and noninfiltrative tumors and appeared to be a discriminative marker for clustering infiltrative and/or invasive meningiomas versus noninvasive meningiomas in two distinct subsets. Sensitivity and specificity were 86.7% and 100%, respectively. This marker was purified and identified as a multiphosphorylated form of vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein expressed in meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Specific forms of vimentin can be surrogate molecular indicators of the invasive/infiltrative phenotype in tumors.
        PMID: 20169076 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Hematopoiesis from pluripotent stem cell lines.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6026</link>
      <description>Related Articles Hematopoiesis from pluripotent stem cell lines. Int J Hematol. 2010 Feb 20; Authors: Sakamoto H, Tsuji-Tamura K, Ogawa M Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into various types of hematopoietic cells (HPCs) when placed in an appropriate environment. Various methods for the differentiation of ESCs into specific HPC lineages have been developed using mouse ESCs. These ESC-differentiation methods have been utilized also as an in vitro model to investigate hematopoiesis in  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6026</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Hematopoiesis from pluripotent stem cell lines.
        Int J Hematol. 2010 Feb 20;
        Authors:  Sakamoto H, Tsuji-Tamura K, Ogawa M
        Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into various types of hematopoietic cells (HPCs) when placed in an appropriate environment. Various methods for the differentiation of ESCs into specific HPC lineages have been developed using mouse ESCs. These ESC-differentiation methods have been utilized also as an in vitro model to investigate hematopoiesis in embryos and they provided critical perceptions into it. These methods have been adapted for use with human ESCs, which have the possibility of being employed in regenerative medicine; further improvement of these methods may lead to the efficient production of HPCs for use in transfusions. The generation of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells is a medical goal that is still difficult to achieve. Recently, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been established from differentiated cells. Thereby, iPS cells have expanded further possibilities of the use of pluripotent stem cell lines in clinical application. Indeed, iPS cells have been established from cells with disease genes and those which have undergone reprogramming and targeting have generated phenotypically normal HPCs. Here, we mainly summarize the recent progress in research on hematopoiesis conducted with ESCs and iPS cells.
        PMID: 20169427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Cellular mediators of inflammation: tregs and t(h)17 cells in gastrointestinal diseases.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6027</link>
      <description> Cellular mediators of inflammation: tregs and t(h)17 cells in gastrointestinal diseases. Mediators Inflamm. 2009;2009:132028 Authors: Pandolfi F, Cianci R, Pagliari D, Landolfi R, Cammarota G Human lymphocyte subpopulations were originally classified as T- and B-cells in the 70s. Later, with the development of monoclonal antibodies, it became possible to recognize, within the T-cells, functional populations: CD4(+) and CD8(+). These populations were usually referred to as &quot;helper&quot; and &quot;suppress ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6027</guid>
        
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        Cellular mediators of inflammation: tregs and t(h)17 cells in gastrointestinal diseases.
        Mediators Inflamm. 2009;2009:132028
        Authors:  Pandolfi F, Cianci R, Pagliari D, Landolfi R, Cammarota G
        Human lymphocyte subpopulations were originally classified as T- and B-cells in the 70s. Later, with the development of monoclonal antibodies, it became possible to recognize, within the T-cells, functional populations: CD4(+) and CD8(+). These populations were usually referred to as "helper" and "suppressor" cells, respectively. However several investigations within the CD8 cells failed to detect a true suppressor activity. Therefore the term suppressor was neglected because it generated confusion. Much later, true suppressor activity was recognized in a subpopulation of CD4 cells characterized by high levels of CD25. The novel population is usually referred to as T regulatory cells (Tregs) and it is characterized by the expression of FoxP3. The heterogeneity of CD4 cells was further expanded by the recent description of a novel subpopulation characterized by production of IL-17. These cells are generally referred to as T(H)17. They contribute to regulate the overall immune response together with other cytokine-producing populations. Treg and T(H)17 cells are related because they could derive from a common progenitor, depending on the presence of certain cytokines. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings of the role of these novel populations in the field of human gastroenterological disease.
        PMID: 20169125 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6036</link>
      <description> Related Articles Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Nov;105(5):1529-35 Authors: Zhen YH, Jin LJ, Guo J, Li XY, Li Z, Fang R, Xu YP AIMS: To evaluate the in vitro activity of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Specific IgY was produced by immunizing hens with formaldehyde-killed Staph. aureus, using a bacterial strain known to cause mastit ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6036</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus.
        J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Nov;105(5):1529-35
        Authors:  Zhen YH, Jin LJ, Guo J, Li XY, Li Z, Fang R, Xu YP
        AIMS: To evaluate the in vitro activity of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Specific IgY was produced by immunizing hens with formaldehyde-killed Staph. aureus, using a bacterial strain known to cause mastitis. The IgY, of 94% purity, was obtained from yolks by water dilution, salt precipitations, ultrafiltration and gel filtration. ELISA indicated that the IgY produced was specific to the antigen and five Staph. aureus isolates obtained from mastitic cows. The growth of Staph. aureus was inhibited by specific IgY at concentrations from 1 to 10 mg ml(-1) in a dose-dependent manner. The phagocytosis of Staph. aureus by milk macrophages was enhanced in the presence of specific IgY with the highest phagocytic percentage being 30% higher than that without IgY (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The specific IgY against mastitis-causing Staph. aureus inhibited the growth of Staph. aureus and enhanced the phagocytosis of Staph. aureus by milk macrophages. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Specific IgY would be a potential treatment for bovine mastitis.
        PMID: 19146490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Culture of human cells and synthesis of extracellular matrix on materials compatible with direct analysis by mass spectrometry.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6045</link>
      <description>Related Articles Culture of human cells and synthesis of extracellular matrix on materials compatible with direct analysis by mass spectrometry. Analyst. 2010 Mar;135(3):503-11 Authors: Lavigne D, Guerrier L, Gueguen V, Michel JB, Boschetti E, Meilhac O, Letourneur D The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex three-dimensional network of macromolecules synthesized by cells and is essential for the structure and the function of a tissue. The aim of our approach was to propose a surface allowing  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6045</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Culture of human cells and synthesis of extracellular matrix on materials compatible with direct analysis by mass spectrometry.
        Analyst. 2010 Mar;135(3):503-11
        Authors:  Lavigne D, Guerrier L, Gueguen V, Michel JB, Boschetti E, Meilhac O, Letourneur D
        The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex three-dimensional network of macromolecules synthesized by cells and is essential for the structure and the function of a tissue. The aim of our approach was to propose a surface allowing cell culture and subsequent analysis of ECM produced by cells directly on materials compatible with Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry on a 96-well format. Surfaces were made of aluminium and spots of 2 mm in diameter were covered with specific chemical groups (silica, C(6) and C(12) alkyl groups, carboxyl, quaternary amine, or nitrilotriacetic acid groups). We found that among the chemically modified aluminium spots, only silica groups allowed the culture of human vascular cells. The wettability was an essential parameter for cell culture on the surfaces. Indeed, cells could only be cultured on surfaces presenting a moderate wettability with water contact angles of ca. 60 degrees . Then, by treatment of confluent cells with detergents (Triton X100 and deoxycholate), we were able to obtain ECM on the surfaces that were subsequently analyzed using a mass spectrometer, which is currently impossible with any type of cell culture system. As an example, the analysis of ECM from human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) appeared to be reproducible and evidenced different ECM patterns from the two cell types. Applications based on these materials can be proposed for biomarker discovery or characterization of cells for biomedical/diagnostic purposes.
        PMID: 20174702 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Cost-effectiveness of biological therapy for Crohn&apos;s disease: Markov cohort analyses incorporating United Kingdom patient-level cost data.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6055</link>
      <description> Related Articles Cost-effectiveness of biological therapy for Crohn&apos;s disease: Markov cohort analyses incorporating United Kingdom patient-level cost data. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Aug;30(3):265-74 Authors: Bodger K, Kikuchi T, Hughes D BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF-alpha agents for Crohn&apos;s disease (CD) have good clinical efficacy but high acquisition cost compared to rival drugs. AIM: To assess the cost-effectiveness of infliximab and adalimumab for Crohn&apos;s disease from the perspective of the UK NH ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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 Related Articles
        Cost-effectiveness of biological therapy for Crohn's disease: Markov cohort analyses incorporating United Kingdom patient-level cost data.
        Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Aug;30(3):265-74
        Authors:  Bodger K, Kikuchi T, Hughes D
        BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF-alpha agents for Crohn's disease (CD) have good clinical efficacy but high acquisition cost compared to rival drugs. AIM: To assess the cost-effectiveness of infliximab and adalimumab for Crohn's disease from the perspective of the UK NHS, incorporating recent trial and observational data. METHODS: Lifetime Markov analyses constructed to simulate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs. CD was represented by four health-states representing: Full response, partial response, nonresponse, surgery and death. The course of CD under standard care was based on the Olmsted county cohort. Systematic review identified ACCENT I (infliximab) and CHARM (adalimumab) as sources for efficacy data. We modelled an intention-to-treat strategy for biologics including surgical rates based on observational data, cost estimates from our UK dataset and utilities from an algorithm converting CDAI to EQ-5D utilities. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) compared to standard care for 1-year of treatment with infliximab or adalimumab were 19,050 pounds and 7190 pounds per QALY gained, respectively. Lifetime therapy was dominated by standard care. Analyses over shorter time horizons, matched to treatment duration, resulted in unfavourable ICERs. CONCLUSION: The model suggests acceptable ICERs for biological agents when considering a lifetime horizon with periods of up to 4 years continuous therapy. As with all economic evaluations, the results may not be generalizable beyond the perspective of analysis.
        PMID: 19438428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>The effect of BMP-2 on micro and macroscale osteointegration of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with multiscale porosity.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6073</link>
      <description>Related Articles The effect of BMP-2 on micro and macroscale osteointegration of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with multiscale porosity. Acta Biomater. 2010 Feb 19; Authors: Lan Levengood SK, Polak SJ, Poellmann MJ, Hoelzle DJ, Maki AJ, Clark SG, Wheeler MB, Wagoner Johnson AJ It is well established that scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering require interconnected pores on the order of 100um for bone growth, and nutrient and waste transport. As a result, most studies of ha ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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Related Articles
        The effect of BMP-2 on micro and macroscale osteointegration of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with multiscale porosity.
        Acta Biomater. 2010 Feb 19;
        Authors:  Lan Levengood SK, Polak SJ, Poellmann MJ, Hoelzle DJ, Maki AJ, Clark SG, Wheeler MB, Wagoner Johnson AJ
        It is well established that scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering require interconnected pores on the order of 100um for bone growth, and nutrient and waste transport. As a result, most studies of have focused on macroporosity (>100um). More recently, researchers have also investigated the role of microporosity in calcium phosphaste (CaP) based scaffolds. Osteointegration into macropores improves when scaffold rods or struts contain micropores, typically defined as pores less than approximately 50um. We recently demonstrated multiscale osteointegration, or growth into both macropores and micropores (<10um), of rods in biphasic CaP (BCP) scaffolds. The combined effect of BMP-2, a potent osteoinductive growth factor, and multiscale porosity has yet to be investigated. In this study, we implanted BCP scaffolds into porcine mandibles for 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks and evaluated the effect of BMP-2 on multiscale osteointegration. Results showed, for this in vivo model, that BMP-2 influences osteointegration at the microscale, but not at the macroscale. Cell density was higher in the rod micropores for scaffolds containing BMP-2 compared to controls at all time points, but BMP-2 was not required for bone formation in micropores. In contrast, there was essentially no difference in fraction of bone in macropores for scaffolds with BMP-2 compared to controls. Additionally, bone in macropores seemed to have reached steady state by 3 weeks. Multiscale osteointegration results in composites that are fully osteointegrated, with no "dead space," and are likely to have not only a continuous cell network, but also the potential for enhanced load transfer and improved mechanical properties.
        PMID: 20176148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Telomere rejuvenation during nuclear reprogramming.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6074</link>
      <description>Related Articles Telomere rejuvenation during nuclear reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2010 Feb 20; Authors: Mari&amp;#xF3;n RM, Blasco MA Reprogramming of adult differentiated cells to a more pluripotent state has been achieved by various means, including somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and, more recently, by over expression of specific transcription factors to generate the so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Since telomeres play an important role in the maintenance of chromosom ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6074</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Telomere rejuvenation during nuclear reprogramming.
        Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2010 Feb 20;
        Authors:  Mari&#xF3;n RM, Blasco MA
        Reprogramming of adult differentiated cells to a more pluripotent state has been achieved by various means, including somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and, more recently, by over expression of specific transcription factors to generate the so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Since telomeres play an important role in the maintenance of chromosomal stability associated with continuous cell division, a key question for the quality of the resulting reprogrammed cells was to address whether nuclear reprogramming involves a full rejuvenation of telomeres. Recent work from our group and others demonstrate that telomeres are indeed rejuvenated during nuclear reprogramming. These findings also revealed that the structure of telomeric chromatin is dynamic and controlled by epigenetic programmes, which are reversed by reprogramming.
        PMID: 20176474 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Defining the healthy &quot;core microbiome&quot; of oral microbial communities.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6080</link>
      <description> Related Articles Defining the healthy &quot;core microbiome&quot; of oral microbial communities. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9:259 Authors: Zaura E, Keijser BJ, Huse SM, Crielaard W BACKGROUND: Most studies examining the commensal human oral microbiome are focused on disease or are limited in methodology. In order to diagnose and treat diseases at an early and reversible stage an in-depth definition of health is indispensible. The aim of this study therefore was to define the healthy oral microbiome using recent ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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  Related Articles
        Defining the healthy "core microbiome" of oral microbial communities.
        BMC Microbiol. 2009;9:259
        Authors:  Zaura E, Keijser BJ, Huse SM, Crielaard W
        BACKGROUND: Most studies examining the commensal human oral microbiome are focused on disease or are limited in methodology. In order to diagnose and treat diseases at an early and reversible stage an in-depth definition of health is indispensible. The aim of this study therefore was to define the healthy oral microbiome using recent advances in sequencing technology (454 pyrosequencing). RESULTS: We sampled and sequenced microbiomes from several intraoral niches (dental surfaces, cheek, hard palate, tongue and saliva) in three healthy individuals. Within an individual oral cavity, we found over 3600 unique sequences, over 500 different OTUs or "species-level" phylotypes (sequences that clustered at 3% genetic difference) and 88 - 104 higher taxa (genus or more inclusive taxon). The predominant taxa belonged to Firmicutes (genus Streptococcus, family Veillonellaceae, genus Granulicatella), Proteobacteria (genus Neisseria, Haemophilus), Actinobacteria (genus Corynebacterium, Rothia, Actinomyces), Bacteroidetes (genus Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Porphyromonas) and Fusobacteria (genus Fusobacterium).Each individual sample harboured on average 266 "species-level" phylotypes (SD 67; range 123 - 326) with cheek samples being the least diverse and the dental samples from approximal surfaces showing the highest diversity. Principal component analysis discriminated the profiles of the samples originating from shedding surfaces (mucosa of tongue, cheek and palate) from the samples that were obtained from solid surfaces (teeth).There was a large overlap in the higher taxa, "species-level" phylotypes and unique sequences among the three microbiomes: 84% of the higher taxa, 75% of the OTUs and 65% of the unique sequences were present in at least two of the three microbiomes. The three individuals shared 1660 of 6315 unique sequences. These 1660 sequences (the "core microbiome") contributed 66% of the reads. The overlapping OTUs contributed to 94% of the reads, while nearly all reads (99.8%) belonged to the shared higher taxa. CONCLUSIONS: We obtained the first insight into the diversity and uniqueness of individual oral microbiomes at a resolution of next-generation sequencing. We showed that a major proportion of bacterial sequences of unrelated healthy individuals is identical, supporting the concept of a core microbiome at health.
        PMID: 20003481 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Strategies toward CNS-regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6090</link>
      <description> Strategies toward CNS-regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells. Genome Inform. 2009 Oct;23(1):217-20 Authors: Okano H Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are pluripotent stem cells directly reprogrammed from cultured mouse fibroblast by introducing Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4. Cells obtained using this technology, which allows the ethical issues and immunological rejection associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells to be avoided, might be a clinically useful source for cell replaceme ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6090</guid>
        
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        Strategies toward CNS-regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells.
        Genome Inform. 2009 Oct;23(1):217-20
        Authors:  Okano H
        Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are pluripotent stem cells directly reprogrammed from cultured mouse fibroblast by introducing Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4. Cells obtained using this technology, which allows the ethical issues and immunological rejection associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells to be avoided, might be a clinically useful source for cell replacement therapics. Here we demonstrate that murine iPS cells formed neurospheres that produced electrophysiologically functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Secondary neurospheres (SNSs) generated from various mouse iPS cell showed their neural differentiation capacity and teratoma formation after transplantation into the brain of immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. We found that origin (source of somatic cells) of the iPS cells are the crucial determinant for the potential tumorigenicity of iPS-derived neural stem/progenitor cclls and that their tumorigenicity results from the persistent presence of undifferentiated cells within the SNSs. Furthermore, transplantation of non-tumorigenic Nanog-iPS-derived SNSs into mouse spinal cord injury (SCI) model promoted locomotor function recovery. Surprisingly, SNSs derived from c-Myc minus iPS cells generated without drug selection showed robust tumorigenesis, in spite of their potential to contribute adult chimeric mice without tumor formation.
        PMID: 20180278 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Biologics as treatment for systemic lupus: great efforts, sobering results, new challenges.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6094</link>
      <description>Related Articles Biologics as treatment for systemic lupus: great efforts, sobering results, new challenges. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2009 Dec;6(4):252-5 Authors: Schr&amp;#xF6;der JO, Zeuner RA Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by specific organ manifestations and the production of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. SLE can induce severe organ damage and carries the risk of fatal outcome. During recent years, no major progress has been made regarding new tr ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6094</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Biologics as treatment for systemic lupus: great efforts, sobering results, new challenges.
        Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2009 Dec;6(4):252-5
        Authors:  Schr&#xF6;der JO, Zeuner RA
        Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by specific organ manifestations and the production of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. SLE can induce severe organ damage and carries the risk of fatal outcome. During recent years, no major progress has been made regarding new treatment options except for the introduction of mycophenolate mofetil. Therefore, the results of several large clinical trials using biological agents for treatment of SLE were hopefully awaited. Yet, the application of abatacept, belimumab and rituximab, respectively, to non-renal or renal lupus patients surprisingly has not been successful. Other studies using different agents have not been completed yet. Nevertheless, the results available so far will have a significant impact on the design of future clinical trials and will stimulate the debate on new targets for treatment of SLE.
        PMID: 20025592 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Lack of a central role for osteoprogenitor cells from the femoral canal in heterotopic ossification of the hip: an experimental study in a rat model.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6103</link>
      <description> Related Articles Lack of a central role for osteoprogenitor cells from the femoral canal in heterotopic ossification of the hip: an experimental study in a rat model. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010 Feb;92(2):298-303 Authors: Toom A, Suutre S, M&amp;#xE4;rtson A, Haviko T, Selstam G, Arend A We have developed an animal model to examine the formation of heterotopic ossification using standardised muscular damage and implantation of a beta-tricalcium phosphate block into a hip capsulotomy wound in Wistar  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6103</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Lack of a central role for osteoprogenitor cells from the femoral canal in heterotopic ossification of the hip: an experimental study in a rat model.
        J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010 Feb;92(2):298-303
        Authors:  Toom A, Suutre S, M&#xE4;rtson A, Haviko T, Selstam G, Arend A
        We have developed an animal model to examine the formation of heterotopic ossification using standardised muscular damage and implantation of a beta-tricalcium phosphate block into a hip capsulotomy wound in Wistar rats. The aim was to investigate how cells originating from drilled femoral canals and damaged muscles influence the formation of heterotopic bone. The femoral canal was either drilled or left untouched and a tricalcium phosphate block, immersed either in saline or a rhBMP-2 solution, was implanted. These implants were removed at three and 21 days after the operation and examined histologically, histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically. Bone formation was seen in all implants in rhBMP-2-immersed, whereas in those immersed in saline the process was minimal, irrespective of drilling of the femoral canals. Bone mineralisation was somewhat greater in the absence of drilling with a mean mineralised volume to mean total volume of 18.2% (sd 4.5) versus 12.7% (sd 2.9, p < 0.019), respectively. Our findings suggest that osteoinductive signalling is an early event in the formation of ectopic bone. If applicable to man the results indicate that careful tissue handling is more important than the prevention of the dissemination of bone cells in order to avoid heterotopic ossification.
        PMID: 20130328 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Generation of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells from murine induced pluripotent stem cells.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6104</link>
      <description>Related Articles Generation of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells from murine induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J. 2010 Feb 24; Authors: Mizuno Y, Chang H, Umeda K, Niwa A, Iwasa T, Awaya T, Fukada SI, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka S, Nakahata T, Heike T Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are a type of pluripotent stem cell generated from reprogrammed somatic cells, are expected to have potential for patient-oriented disease investigation, drug screening, toxicity tests, and transplantati ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6104</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Generation of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells from murine induced pluripotent stem cells.
        FASEB J. 2010 Feb 24;
        Authors:  Mizuno Y, Chang H, Umeda K, Niwa A, Iwasa T, Awaya T, Fukada SI, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka S, Nakahata T, Heike T
        Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are a type of pluripotent stem cell generated from reprogrammed somatic cells, are expected to have potential for patient-oriented disease investigation, drug screening, toxicity tests, and transplantation therapies. Here, we demonstrated that murine iPS cells have the potential to develop in vitro into skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells, which are almost equivalent to murine embryonic stem cells. Cells with strong in vitro myogenic potential effectively were enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using the anti-satellite cell antibody SM/C-2.6. Furthermore, on transplantation into mdx mice, SM/C-2.6(+) cells exerted sustained myogenic lineage differentiation in injured muscles, while providing long-lived muscle stem cell support. Our data suggest that iPS cells have the potential to be used in clinical treatment of muscular dystrophies.-Mizuno, Y., Chang, H., Umeda, K., Niwa, A., Iwasa, T., Awaya, T., Fukada, S., Yamamoto, H., Yamanaka, S., Nakahata, T., Heike, T. Generation of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells from murine induced pluripotent stem cells.
        PMID: 20181939 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Interaction of DNA/nuclear protein/polycation and the terplexes for gene delivery.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6107</link>
      <description> Related Articles Interaction of DNA/nuclear protein/polycation and the terplexes for gene delivery. Nanotechnology. 2010 Jan 29;21(4):045102 Authors: Shen Y, Peng H, Pan S, Feng M, Wen Y, Deng J, Luo X, Wu C Nuclear transport of exogenous DNA is a major barrier to nonviral gene delivery that needs to be addressed in the design of new vectors. In this study, we prepared pDNA/HMGB1/PEG-PEI terplexes to promote nuclear import. HMGB1 in the terplexes was used to assist the transportation of pDNA in ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6107</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Interaction of DNA/nuclear protein/polycation and the terplexes for gene delivery.
        Nanotechnology. 2010 Jan 29;21(4):045102
        Authors:  Shen Y, Peng H, Pan S, Feng M, Wen Y, Deng J, Luo X, Wu C
        Nuclear transport of exogenous DNA is a major barrier to nonviral gene delivery that needs to be addressed in the design of new vectors. In this study, we prepared pDNA/HMGB1/PEG-PEI terplexes to promote nuclear import. HMGB1 in the terplexes was used to assist the transportation of pDNA into the nucleus of cells, since it contained nuclear localization signal (NLS); PEG chains were introduced to stabilize pDNA/vector terplexes and reduce the cytotoxicity. HMGB1/PEG-PEI combined vectors have been investigated specifically for their structure interaction by atomic force microscopy and circular dichroic spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the HMGB1 molecule could bind with the pDNA chains, but not condense pDNA well. The PEG-PEI further compacted pDNA/HMGB1 complexes into nanosized spherical terplexes. The pDNA delivered by HMGB1/PEG-PEI combined vectors was significantly accumulated in the nucleus of cells, as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The percentage of GFP-transfected cells and VEGF protein expression level induced by HMGB1/PEG-PEI were 2.6-4.9-fold and 1.4-2.8-fold higher, respectively, than that of a common cationic polymer PEI 25 kDa. Therefore, the HMGB1/PEG-PEI combined vector could be used as a versatile vector for promoting exogenous DNA nuclear localization, thereby enhancing its expression.
        PMID: 20009166 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Insulin expressed from endogenously active glucose-responsive EGR1 promoter in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells as diabetes therapy.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6109</link>
      <description>Related Articles Insulin expressed from endogenously active glucose-responsive EGR1 promoter in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells as diabetes therapy. Gene Ther. 2010 Feb 25; Authors: Chen NK, Tan SY, Udolph G, Kon OL Advances in islet transplantation have encouraged efforts to create alternative insulin-secreting cells that overcome limitations associated with current therapies. We have recently demonstrated durable correction of murine and porcine diabetes by syngeneic and autologous impla ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6109</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Insulin expressed from endogenously active glucose-responsive EGR1 promoter in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells as diabetes therapy.
        Gene Ther. 2010 Feb 25;
        Authors:  Chen NK, Tan SY, Udolph G, Kon OL
        Advances in islet transplantation have encouraged efforts to create alternative insulin-secreting cells that overcome limitations associated with current therapies. We have recently demonstrated durable correction of murine and porcine diabetes by syngeneic and autologous implantation, respectively, of primary hepatocytes non-virally modified with a glucose-responsive promoter-regulated insulin transgene. As surgical procurement of hepatocytes may be clinically unappealing, we here describe primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSC) as alternative insulin-secreting bioimplants. BMMSC are abundant and less invasively procured for clinical autologous transplantation. Electroporation achieved high transgene transfection efficiencies in human BMMSC (HBMMSC) and porcine BMMSC (PBMMSC). We transcriptomically identified an HBMMSC glucose-responsive promoter, EGR1. This endogenously active promoter drove rapid glucose-induced transgene secretions in BMMSC with near-physiological characteristics during static and kinetic induction assays simulating normal human islets. Preparatory to preclinical transplantation, PBMMSC transfected with the circular insulin transgene vector or stably integrated with the linearized vector were evaluated by intrahepatic or intraperitoneal xenotransplantation in streptozotocin-diabetic and non-diabetic NOD-SCID mice. Hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance and body weight were corrected in a dose-responsive manner. Hypoglycemia was not observed even in identically implanted non-diabetic mice. These results establish human EGR1 promoter-insulin construct-modified BMMSC as safe and efficient insulin-secreting bioimplants for diabetes treatment.Gene Therapy advance online publication, 25 February 2010; doi:10.1038/gt.2010.12.
        PMID: 20182520 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Hematopoetic Cell Kinase Associates with the 40S Ribosomal Subunit and Mediates the Ribotoxic Stress Response to Deoxynivalenol in Mononuclear Phagocytes.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6108</link>
      <description>Related Articles Hematopoetic Cell Kinase Associates with the 40S Ribosomal Subunit and Mediates the Ribotoxic Stress Response to Deoxynivalenol in Mononuclear Phagocytes. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Feb 24; Authors: Bae H, Gray JS, Li M, Vines L, Kim J, Pestka JJ The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) binds to eukaryotic ribosomes and triggers p38-driven proinflammatory gene expression in the macrophage - a response that is dependent on both double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and hematopo ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6108</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Hematopoetic Cell Kinase Associates with the 40S Ribosomal Subunit and Mediates the Ribotoxic Stress Response to Deoxynivalenol in Mononuclear Phagocytes.
        Toxicol Sci. 2010 Feb 24;
        Authors:  Bae H, Gray JS, Li M, Vines L, Kim J, Pestka JJ
        The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) binds to eukaryotic ribosomes and triggers p38-driven proinflammatory gene expression in the macrophage - a response that is dependent on both double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck). Here we elucidated critical linkages that exist among the ribosome and these kinases during the course of DON-induced ribotoxic stress in mononuclear phagocytes. Similar to PKR inhibitors, Hck inhibitor PP2 suppressed p38 activation and p38-driven IL-8 expression in the U937 human monocyte cell line. U937 cells stably transfected with a PKR antisense vector (U9K-A1) displayed marked reduction of DON-induced p38 activation and IL-8 expression as compared to cells transfected with empty vector (U9K-C2), with both responses being completely ablated by PP2. Western analysis of sucrose density gradient fractions revealed that PKR and Hck interacted with the 40S ribosomal subunit in U9K-C2 but not U9K-A1 cells. Subsequent transfection and immunoprecipitation studies with HeLa cells indicated that Hck interacted with ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3). Consistent with U937 cells, DON-induced p38 association with the ribosome and phosphorylation in peritoneal macrophages from wild-type but not PKR-deficient mice. DON-induced phosphorylation of ribosome-associated Hck in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was also suppressed by 2-AP. Both 2-AP and PP2 inhibited DON-induced phosphorylation of p38 as well as two kinases, ASK1 and MKK3/6, known to be upstream of p38. Taken together, PKR and Hck were critical for DON-induced ribosomal recruitment of p38, its subsequent phosphorylation and, ultimately, p38-driven proinflammatory cytokine expression.
        PMID: 20181660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Glycation of a food allergen by the Maillard reaction enhances its T-cell immunogenicity: role of macrophage scavenger receptor class A type I and II.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6117</link>
      <description> Related Articles Glycation of a food allergen by the Maillard reaction enhances its T-cell immunogenicity: role of macrophage scavenger receptor class A type I and II. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Jan;125(1):175-83.e1-11 Authors: Ilchmann A, Burgdorf S, Scheurer S, Waibler Z, Nagai R, Wellner A, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Henle T, Kurts C, Kalinke U, Vieths S, Toda M BACKGROUND: The Maillard reaction occurs between reducing sugars and proteins during thermal processing of foods. It produces chemic ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6117</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Glycation of a food allergen by the Maillard reaction enhances its T-cell immunogenicity: role of macrophage scavenger receptor class A type I and II.
        J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Jan;125(1):175-83.e1-11
        Authors:  Ilchmann A, Burgdorf S, Scheurer S, Waibler Z, Nagai R, Wellner A, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Henle T, Kurts C, Kalinke U, Vieths S, Toda M
        BACKGROUND: The Maillard reaction occurs between reducing sugars and proteins during thermal processing of foods. It produces chemically glycated proteins termed advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The glycation structures of AGEs are suggested to function as pathogenesis-related immune epitopes in food allergy. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at defining the T-cell immunogenicity of food AGEs by using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model allergen. METHODS: AGE-OVA was prepared by means of thermal processing of OVA in the presence of glucose. Activation of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells by AGE-OVA was evaluated in cocultures with bone marrow-derived murine myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) as antigen-presenting cells. The uptake mechanisms of mDCs for AGE-OVA were investigated by using inhibitors of putative cell-surface receptors for AGEs, as well as mDCs deficient for these receptors. RESULTS: Compared with the controls (native OVA and OVA thermally processed without glucose), AGE-OVA enhanced the activation of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells on coculture with mDCs, indicating that the glycation of OVA enhanced the T-cell immunogenicity of the allergen. The mDC uptake of AGE-OVA was significantly higher than that of the controls. We identified scavenger receptor class A type I and II (SR-AI/II) as a mediator of the AGE-OVA uptake, whereas the receptor for AGEs and galectin-3 were not responsible. Importantly, the activation of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells by AGE-OVA was attenuated on coculture with SR-AI/II-deficient mDCs. CONCLUSION: SR-AI/II targets AGE-OVA to the MHC class II loading pathway in mDCs, leading to an enhanced CD4(+) T-cell activation. The Maillard reaction might thus play an important role in the T-cell immunogenicity of food allergens.
        PMID: 19864011 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Seasonally dynamic fungal communities in the Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere differ between urban and nonurban environments.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6119</link>
      <description>Related Articles Seasonally dynamic fungal communities in the Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere differ between urban and nonurban environments. New Phytol. 2010 Feb 17; Authors: Jumpponen A, Jones KL Summary *The fungal richness, diversity and community composition in the Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere were compared across a growing season in trees located in six stands within and outside a small urban center using 454-sequencing and DNA tagging. The approaches did not differentiate between endop ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6119</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Seasonally dynamic fungal communities in the Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere differ between urban and nonurban environments.
        New Phytol. 2010 Feb 17;
        Authors:  Jumpponen A, Jones KL
        Summary *The fungal richness, diversity and community composition in the Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere were compared across a growing season in trees located in six stands within and outside a small urban center using 454-sequencing and DNA tagging. The approaches did not differentiate between endophytic and epiphytic fungal communities. *Fungi accumulated in the phyllosphere rapidly and communities were temporally dynamic, with more than a third of the analyzed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and half of the BLAST-inferred genera showing distinct seasonal patterns. The seasonal patterns could be explained by fungal life cycles or environmental tolerances. *The communities were hyperdiverse and differed between the urban and nonurban stands, albeit not consistently across the growing season. Foliar macronutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sulfur (S)), micronutrients (boron (B), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se)) and trace elements (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)) were enriched in the urban trees, probably as a result of anthropogenic activities. Because of correlations with the experimental layout, these chemical elements should not be considered as community drivers without further empirical studies. *We suggest that a combination of mechanisms leads to differences between urban and nonurban communities. Among those are stand isolation and size, nutrient and pollutant accumulation plus stand management, including fertilization and litter removal.
        PMID: 20180911 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Metagenomic study of the oral microbiota by Illumina high-throughput sequencing.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6118</link>
      <description> Related Articles Metagenomic study of the oral microbiota by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. J Microbiol Methods. 2009 Dec;79(3):266-71 Authors: Lazarevic V, Whiteson K, Huse S, Hernandez D, Farinelli L, Oster&amp;#xE5;s M, Schrenzel J, Fran&amp;#xE7;ois P To date, metagenomic studies have relied on the utilization and analysis of reads obtained using 454 pyrosequencing to replace conventional Sanger sequencing. After extensively scanning the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, we identified the V5 hyp ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6118</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Metagenomic study of the oral microbiota by Illumina high-throughput sequencing.
        J Microbiol Methods. 2009 Dec;79(3):266-71
        Authors:  Lazarevic V, Whiteson K, Huse S, Hernandez D, Farinelli L, Oster&#xE5;s M, Schrenzel J, Fran&#xE7;ois P
        To date, metagenomic studies have relied on the utilization and analysis of reads obtained using 454 pyrosequencing to replace conventional Sanger sequencing. After extensively scanning the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, we identified the V5 hypervariable region as a short region providing reliable identification of bacterial sequences available in public databases such as the Human Oral Microbiome Database. We amplified samples from the oral cavity of three healthy individuals using primers covering an approximately 82-base segment of the V5 loop, and sequenced using the Illumina technology in a single orientation. We identified 135 genera or higher taxonomic ranks from the resulting 1,373,824 sequences. While the abundances of the most common phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and TM7) are largely comparable to previous studies, Bacteroidetes were less present. Potential sources for this difference include classification bias in this region of the 16S rRNA gene, human sample variation, sample preparation and primer bias. Using an Illumina sequencing approach, we achieved a much greater depth of coverage than previous oral microbiota studies, allowing us to identify several taxa not yet discovered in these types of samples, and to assess that at least 30,000 additional reads would be required to identify only one additional phylotype. The evolution of high-throughput sequencing technologies, and their subsequent improvements in read length enable the utilization of different platforms for studying communities of complex flora. Access to large amounts of data is already leading to a better representation of sample diversity at a reasonable cost.
        PMID: 19796657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Ultrasound-Microbubble-Mediated Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Transfection Attenuates Neointimal Formation After Arterial Injury in Mice.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6123</link>
      <description>Related Articles Ultrasound-Microbubble-Mediated Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Transfection Attenuates Neointimal Formation After Arterial Injury in Mice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Mar 2;55(9):904-913 Authors: Suzuki JI, Ogawa M, Takayama K, Taniyama Y, Morishita R, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Isobe M OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) in murine arteries. We transfected it using a nonvi ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6123</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Ultrasound-Microbubble-Mediated Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Transfection Attenuates Neointimal Formation After Arterial Injury in Mice.
        J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Mar 2;55(9):904-913
        Authors:  Suzuki JI, Ogawa M, Takayama K, Taniyama Y, Morishita R, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Isobe M
        OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) in murine arteries. We transfected it using a nonviral ultrasound-microbubble-mediated in vivo gene delivery system. BACKGROUND: siRNA is an effective methodology to suppress gene function. The siRNA can be synthesized easily; however, a major obstacle in the use of siRNA as therapeutics is the difficulty involved in effective in vivo delivery. METHODS: To investigate the efficiency of nonviral ultrasound-microbubble-mediated in vivo siRNA delivery, we used a fluorescein-labeled siRNA, green fluorescent protein (GFP) siRNA, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 siRNA in murine arteries. Murine femoral arteries were injured using flexible wires to establish arterial injury. RESULTS: The fluorescein-labeled siRNA and GFP siRNA showed that this nonviral approach could deliver siRNA into target arteries effectively without any tissue damage and systemic adverse effects. ICAM-1 siRNA transfection into murine injured arteries significantly suppressed the development of neointimal formation in comparison to those in the control group. Immunohistochemistry revealed that accumulation of T cells and adhesion molecule positive cells was observed in nontreated injured arteries, whereas siRNA suppressed accumulation. CONCLUSIONS: The nonviral ultrasound-microbubble delivery of siRNA ensures effective transfection into target arteries. ICAM-1 siRNA has the potential to suppress arterial neointimal formation. Transfection of siRNA can be beneficial for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases.
        PMID: 20185042 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Constitutive HIF-1 activity in malignant melanoma.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6124</link>
      <description>Related Articles Constitutive HIF-1 activity in malignant melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2010 Feb 23; Authors: Kuphal S, Winklmeier A, Warnecke C, Bosserhoff AK The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which consists of the constitutive HIF-1beta and the oxygen-responsive HIF-1alpha subunit, is the master activator of the cellular transcriptional response to hypoxia coordinating gene expression during reduced oxygen tension. Overexpression of HIF-1 and increased transcriptional activity induced by hypox ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6124</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Constitutive HIF-1 activity in malignant melanoma.
        Eur J Cancer. 2010 Feb 23;
        Authors:  Kuphal S, Winklmeier A, Warnecke C, Bosserhoff AK
        The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which consists of the constitutive HIF-1beta and the oxygen-responsive HIF-1alpha subunit, is the master activator of the cellular transcriptional response to hypoxia coordinating gene expression during reduced oxygen tension. Overexpression of HIF-1 and increased transcriptional activity induced by hypoxia are linked to progression of many tumour types such as head and neck cancer, cervical carcinoma, leukaemia and renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we demonstrate that HIF activity is increased in malignant melanoma cells already under normoxic conditions in contrast to other tumour types. HIF-1alpha and -2alpha knockdown by siRNA transfection revealed that this effect is due to constitutive HIF-1alpha expression. Furthermore, the inhibition or activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased or activated, respectively, HIF-1 activity and HIF-1alpha protein expression. Interestingly, the inhibition of the NFkappaB pathway also reduced the accumulation of HIF-1alpha assuming a context between ROS and NFkappaB, and suggesting that ROS and NFkappaB activity contribute to HIF-1alpha accumulation. In summary, we identified an increased HIF-1alpha protein expression and activity in melanoma under normoxia mediated by ROS and the NFkappaB pathway.
        PMID: 20185296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>De Novo Metabolic Engineering and the Promise of Synthetic DNA.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6126</link>
      <description>Related Articles De Novo Metabolic Engineering and the Promise of Synthetic DNA. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Klein-Marcuschamer D, Yadav VG, Ghaderi A, Stephanopoulos GN The uncertain price and tight supply of crude oil and the ever-increasing demand for clean energy have prompted heightened attention to the development of sustainable fuel technologies that ensure continued economic development while maintaining stewardship of the environment. In the face of these enormous  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6126</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        De Novo Metabolic Engineering and the Promise of Synthetic DNA.
        Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Klein-Marcuschamer D, Yadav VG, Ghaderi A, Stephanopoulos GN
        The uncertain price and tight supply of crude oil and the ever-increasing demand for clean energy have prompted heightened attention to the development of sustainable fuel technologies that ensure continued economic development while maintaining stewardship of the environment. In the face of these enormous challenges, biomass has emerged as a viable alternative to petroleum for the production of energy, chemicals, and materials owing to its abundance, inexpensiveness, and carbon-neutrality. Moreover, the immense ease and efficiency of biological systems at converting biomass-derived feedstocks into fuels, chemicals, and materials has generated renewed interest in biotechnology as a replacement for traditional chemical processes. Aided by the ever-expanding repertoire of microbial genetics and plant biotechnology, improved understanding of gene regulation and cellular metabolism, and incessantly accumulating gene and protein data, scientists are now contemplating engineering microbial cell factories to produce fuels, chemical feedstocks, polymers and pharmaceuticals in an economically and environmentally sustainable way. This goal resonates with that of metabolic engineering - the improvement of cellular properties through the intelligent design, rational modification, or directed evolution of biochemical pathways, and arguably, metabolic engineering seems best positioned to achieve the concomittant goals of environmental stewardship and economic prolificity.Improving a host organism's cellular traits and the potential design of new phenotypes is strongly dependent on the ability to effectively control the organism's genetic machinery. In fact, finely-tuned gene expression is imperative for achieving an optimal balance between pathway expression and cell viability, while avoiding cytotoxicity due to accumulation of certain gene products or metabolites. Early attempts to engineer a cell's metabolism almost exclusively relied on merely deleting or over-expressing single or multiple genes using recombinant DNA, and intervention targets were predominantly selected based on knowledge of the stoichiometry, kinetics, and regulation of the pathway of interest. However, the distributive nature of metabolic control, as opposed to the existence of a single rate-limiting step, predicates the controlled expression of multiple enzymes in several coordinated pathways to achieve the desired flux, and, as such, simple strategies involving either deleting or over-expressing genes are greatly limited in this context. On the other hand, the use of synthetic or modified promoters, riboswitches, tunable intergenic regions, and translation modulators such as internal ribosome entry sequences, upstream open reading frames, optimized mRNA secondary structures, and RNA silencing have been shown to be enormously conducive to achieving the fine-tuning of gene expression. These modifications to the genetic machinery of the host organism can be best achieved via the use of synthetic DNA technology, and the constant improvement in the affordability and quality of oligonucleotide synthesis suggests that these might well become the mainstay of the metabolic engineering toolbox in the years to come. The possibilities that arise with the use of synthetic oligonucleotides will be delineated herein.
        PMID: 20186529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Molecular Characterization of Varicella Zoster Virus in Latently Infected Human Ganglia: Physical State and Abundance of VZV DNA, Quantitation of Viral Transcripts and Detection of VZV-Specific Proteins.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6128</link>
      <description>Related Articles Molecular Characterization of Varicella Zoster Virus in Latently Infected Human Ganglia: Physical State and Abundance of VZV DNA, Quantitation of Viral Transcripts and Detection of VZV-Specific Proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Azarkh Y, Gilden D, Cohrs RJ Varicella zoster virus (VZV) establishes latency in neurons of human peripheral ganglia where the virus genome is most likely maintained as a circular episome bound to histones. There is considerable  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6128</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Molecular Characterization of Varicella Zoster Virus in Latently Infected Human Ganglia: Physical State and Abundance of VZV DNA, Quantitation of Viral Transcripts and Detection of VZV-Specific Proteins.
        Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Azarkh Y, Gilden D, Cohrs RJ
        Varicella zoster virus (VZV) establishes latency in neurons of human peripheral ganglia where the virus genome is most likely maintained as a circular episome bound to histones. There is considerable variability among individuals in the number of latent VZV DNA copies. The VZV DNA burden does not appear to exceed that of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1). Expression of VZV genes during latency is highly restricted and is regulated epigenetically. Of the VZV open reading frames (ORFs) that have been analyzed for transcription during latency using cDNA sequencing, only ORFs 21, 29, 62, 63, and 66 have been detected. VZV ORF 63 is the most frequently and abundantly transcribed VZV gene detected in human ganglia during latency, suggesting a critical role for this gene in maintaining the latent state and perhaps the early stages of virus reactivation. The inconsistent detection and low abundance of other VZV transcripts suggest that these genes play secondary roles in latency or possibly reflect a subpopulation of neurons undergoing VZV reactivation. New technologies, such as GeXPS multiplex PCR, have the sensitivity to detect multiple low abundance transcripts and thus provide a means to elucidate the entire VZV transcriptome during latency.
        PMID: 20186615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Intergenic, gene terminal, and intragenic CpG islands in the human genome.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6125</link>
      <description> Related Articles Intergenic, gene terminal, and intragenic CpG islands in the human genome. BMC Genomics. 2010;11:48 Authors: Medvedeva YA, Fridman MV, Oparina NJ, Malko DB, Ermakova EO, Kulakovskiy IV, Heinzel A, Makeev VJ BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been discovered that the human genome contains many transcription start sites for non-coding RNA. Regulatory regions related to transcription of this non-coding RNAs are poorly studied. Some of these regulatory regions may be associated with CpG  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6125</guid>
        
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  Related Articles
        Intergenic, gene terminal, and intragenic CpG islands in the human genome.
        BMC Genomics. 2010;11:48
        Authors:  Medvedeva YA, Fridman MV, Oparina NJ, Malko DB, Ermakova EO, Kulakovskiy IV, Heinzel A, Makeev VJ
        BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been discovered that the human genome contains many transcription start sites for non-coding RNA. Regulatory regions related to transcription of this non-coding RNAs are poorly studied. Some of these regulatory regions may be associated with CpG islands located far from transcription start-sites of any protein coding gene. The human genome contains many such CpG islands; however, until now their properties were not systematically studied. RESULTS: We studied CpG islands located in different regions of the human genome using methods of bioinformatics and comparative genomics. We have observed that CpG islands have a preference to overlap with exons, including exons located far from transcription start site, but usually extend well into introns. Synonymous substitution rate of CpG-containing codons becomes substantially reduced in regions where CpG islands overlap with protein-coding exons, even if they are located far downstream from transcription start site. CAGE tag analysis displayed frequent transcription start sites in all CpG islands, including those found far from transcription start sites of protein coding genes. Computational prediction and analysis of published ChIP-chip data revealed that CpG islands contain an increased number of sites recognized by Sp1 protein. CpG islands containing more CAGE tags usually also contain more Sp1 binding sites. This is especially relevant for CpG islands located in 3' gene regions. Various examples of transcription, confirmed by mRNAs or ESTs, but with no evidence of protein coding genes, were found in CAGE-enriched CpG islands located far from transcription start site of any known protein coding gene. CONCLUSIONS: CpG islands located far from transcription start sites of protein coding genes have transcription initiation activity and display Sp1 binding properties. In exons, overlapping with these islands, the synonymous substitution rate of CpG containing codons is decreased. This suggests that these CpG islands are involved in transcription initiation, possibly of some non-coding RNAs.
        PMID: 20085634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Analysis of the Functions of Glycoproteins E and I and Their Promoters During VZV Replication In Vitro and in Skin and T-Cell Xenografts in the SCID Mouse Model of VZV Pathogenesis.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6129</link>
      <description>Related Articles Analysis of the Functions of Glycoproteins E and I and Their Promoters During VZV Replication In Vitro and in Skin and T-Cell Xenografts in the SCID Mouse Model of VZV Pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Arvin AM, Oliver S, Reichelt M, Moffat J, Sommer M, Zerboni L, Berarducci B The two VZV glycoproteins, gE and gI, are encoded by genes that are designated open reading frames, ORF67 and ORF68, located in the short unique region of the VZV genome. Thes ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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Related Articles
        Analysis of the Functions of Glycoproteins E and I and Their Promoters During VZV Replication In Vitro and in Skin and T-Cell Xenografts in the SCID Mouse Model of VZV Pathogenesis.
        Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Arvin AM, Oliver S, Reichelt M, Moffat J, Sommer M, Zerboni L, Berarducci B
        The two VZV glycoproteins, gE and gI, are encoded by genes that are designated open reading frames, ORF67 and ORF68, located in the short unique region of the VZV genome. These proteins have homologs in the other alphaherpesviruses. Like their homologues, VZV gE and gI exhibit prominent co-localization in infected cells and form heterodimers. However, VZV gE is much larger than its homologues because it has a unique N-terminal domain, consisting of 188 amino acids that are not present in these other gene products. VZV gE also differs from the related gE proteins, in that it is essential for viral replication. Targeted mutations of gE that are compatible with VZV replication in cultured cells have varying phenotypes in skin and T-cell xenografts in the SCID mouse model of VZV pathogenesis in vivo. While gI is dispensable for growth in cultured cells in vitro, this glycoprotein is essential for VZV infection of differentiated human skin and T cells in vivo. The promoter regions of gE and gI are regulated by the cellular transactivator, specificity protein factor 1 (Sp1) in combination with the major VZV transactivator in reporter construct experiments and some Sp1 promoter elements are important for VZV virulence in vivo. Further analysis of VZV gE and gI functions and their interactions with other viral and host cell proteins are important areas for studies of VZV replication and pathogenesis.
        PMID: 20186616 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 66 Protein Kinase and Its Relationship to Alphaherpesvirus US3 Kinases.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6127</link>
      <description>Related Articles Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 66 Protein Kinase and Its Relationship to Alphaherpesvirus US3 Kinases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Erazo A, Kinchington PR The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 66 encodes a basophilic kinase orthologous to the US3 protein kinases found in all alphaherpesviruses. This review summarizes current information on the ORF66 kinase, and outlines apparent differences from other US3 kinases, as well as s ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6127</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 66 Protein Kinase and Its Relationship to Alphaherpesvirus US3 Kinases.
        Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Erazo A, Kinchington PR
        The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 66 encodes a basophilic kinase orthologous to the US3 protein kinases found in all alphaherpesviruses. This review summarizes current information on the ORF66 kinase, and outlines apparent differences from other US3 kinases, as well as some of the conserved functions. One critical difference is the VZV ORF66 kinase targeting of the major regulatory VZV IE62 protein to control its nuclear import and assembly into the VZV virion, which is so far unprecedented in the alphaherpesviruses. However, ORF66 targets some cellular targets which are also targeted by US3 kinases of other herpesviruses, including the histone deacetylase-1 and 2 proteins, pathways that lead to changes in actin dynamics, and the targeting of substrates of protein kinase A, including the nuclear matrix protein matrin 3.
        PMID: 20186610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Rapid Multiplexed Genotyping for Hereditary Thrombophilia by SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6130</link>
      <description>Related Articles Rapid Multiplexed Genotyping for Hereditary Thrombophilia by SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2010 Mar;19(1):54-61 Authors: Yang S, Xu L, Wu HM Approximately 50% of patients with venous thromboembolism also present with hereditary predisposition. The most common genetic factors are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T. Genotyping these SNPs helps clinicians to correctly diagnos ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6130</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Rapid Multiplexed Genotyping for Hereditary Thrombophilia by SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry.
        Diagn Mol Pathol. 2010 Mar;19(1):54-61
        Authors:  Yang S, Xu L, Wu HM
        Approximately 50% of patients with venous thromboembolism also present with hereditary predisposition. The most common genetic factors are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T. Genotyping these SNPs helps clinicians to correctly diagnose the disease and properly manage patients. In this study, we report a novel method using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry to rapidly genotype, in a multiplex fashion, 3 SNPs that predispose patients to thrombosis. First, patient DNA samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction to amplify and extend the DNA products with masses corresponding to specific genotypes. Polymerase chain reaction products were then applied to Q10 anionic protein chips, undergoing on-chip sample enrichment and clean-up. Finally, the genotypes of the SNPs were determined by surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. This method offers a rapid turnaround time of less than 5 hours from sample collection to result reporting. The analytical accuracy of each SNP genotyping result has been confirmed by DNA sequencing. In addition, the genotype results produced by this method were validated by comparing them with results obtained by the approved method in the clinical reference laboratory. This novel method is fast, accurate, and reproducible, and thus provides an excellent platform to promote personalized medicine in the management of clotting disorders.
        PMID: 20186013 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Involvement of the bone morphogenetic protein system in endothelin- and aldosterone-induced cell proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6135</link>
      <description>Related Articles Involvement of the bone morphogenetic protein system in endothelin- and aldosterone-induced cell proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Yamanaka R, Otsuka F, Nakamura K, Yamashita M, Otani H, Takeda M, Matsumoto Y, Kusano KF, Ito H, Makino H Recent genetic studies have uncovered a link between familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and g ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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Related Articles
        Involvement of the bone morphogenetic protein system in endothelin- and aldosterone-induced cell proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
        Hypertens Res. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Yamanaka R, Otsuka F, Nakamura K, Yamashita M, Otani H, Takeda M, Matsumoto Y, Kusano KF, Ito H, Makino H
        Recent genetic studies have uncovered a link between familial and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and germline mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type-II receptor (BMPRII). The pathology of PAH is characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries due to pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) hyperproliferation. Although increased endothelial injury and impaired suppression of PASMC proliferation are both critical for the cellular pathogenesis of PAH, a detailed molecular mechanism underlying PAH has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the BMP system and other vasoactive factors associated with PAH (including endothelin (ET), angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone) in the mitotic actions of PASMCs isolated from idiopathic and secondary PAH lungs. ET1 and aldosterone stimulated PASMC proliferation of idiopathic PAH more effectively than secondary PAH, whereas Ang II and ET3 failed to activate mitosis in either of the PASMC cell type. The effects of ET1 and aldosterone were blocked by bosentan, an ET type-A/B receptor (ETA/BR) antagonist, and eplerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker, respectively. Among the BMP ligands examined, BMP-2 and BMP-7, but not BMP-4 or BMP-6, significantly increased cell mitosis in both PASMC cell types. Notably, ET1- and aldosterone-induced mitosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation were significantly increased in the presence of BMP-2 and BMP-7 in PASMCs isolated from idiopathic PAH, although additive effects were not observed in PASMCs isolated from secondary PAH. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/ERK2 signaling suppressed basal-, ET1- and aldosterone-induced PASMC mitosis more potently than that of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibition. Given the fact that BMP-2 and BMP-7 upregulated ETA/BR and MR expression and that BMP-2 decreased 11betaHSD2 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2) levels in PASMCs isolated from idiopathic PAH, BMPR-Smad signaling may have a key role in amplifying the ETA/BR and/or MR-ERK signaling in PASMCs of the PAH lung. Collectively, the functional link between BMP and ET and/or the MR system may be involved in the progress of PASMC mitosis, ultimately leading to the development of clinical PAH.Hypertension Research advance online publication, 26 February 2010; doi:10.1038/hr.2010.16.
        PMID: 20186146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Characterization of cyclic acetal hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for craniofacial tissue engineering.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6136</link>
      <description>Related Articles Characterization of cyclic acetal hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for craniofacial tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Feb 22; Authors: Patel M, Patel KJ, Caccamese JF, Coletti DP, Sauk JJ, Fisher JP Cyclic acetal hydrogels are a novel group of biomaterials which may facilitate osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) because of their neutral degradation products. Here, we have incorporated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles within cyclic a ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
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Related Articles
        Characterization of cyclic acetal hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for craniofacial tissue engineering.
        J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Feb 22;
        Authors:  Patel M, Patel KJ, Caccamese JF, Coletti DP, Sauk JJ, Fisher JP
        Cyclic acetal hydrogels are a novel group of biomaterials which may facilitate osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) because of their neutral degradation products. Here, we have incorporated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles within cyclic acetal hydrogels to create cyclic acetal nanocomposites for craniofacial tissue engineering applications. We hypothesized that inclusion of nanosized hydroxyapatite particles within cyclic acetal hydrogels would upregulate osteogenic signal expression of encapsulated BMSCs, due to enhanced cell adhesion, and therefore promote osteodifferentiation. Experimental nanocomposite groups consisted of lower (5 ng/mL) and higher (50 ng/mL) concentrations of nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Swelling parameters of hydrogels in the presence of nanoparticles was studied. Osteoblastic differentiation was characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) expression, whereas endogenous osteogenic signal expression was characterized by morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the presence of OC at the protein level. Results indicated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were uniformly distributed throughout the hydrogels and did not affect material properties of the gels. Viability of cells was not affected by nanoparticle concentration, and BMP-2 and OC mRNA expression was enhanced in the presence of nanoparticles. However, a difference in BMP-2, ALP, and OC mRNA expression was not noted between the lower and higher concentrations of nanoparticles. This work demonstrates that inclusion of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles within a cyclic acetal nanocomposite hydrogel may enhance BMSC differentiation by promoting endogenous osteogenic signal expression. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010.
        PMID: 20186741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>The Sequential Production Profiles of Growth Factors and Their Relations to Bone Volume in Ossifying Bone Marrow Explants.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6132</link>
      <description>Related Articles The Sequential Production Profiles of Growth Factors and Their Relations to Bone Volume in Ossifying Bone Marrow Explants. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Feb 25; Authors: Gurkan UA, Gargac J, Akkus O Osteogenesis is a complex process that involves the synergistic contribution of multiple cell types and numerous growth factors (GFs). In order to develop effective bone tissue engineering strategies employing GFs, it is essential to delineate the complex and interconnected role of GFs in  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6132</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        The Sequential Production Profiles of Growth Factors and Their Relations to Bone Volume in Ossifying Bone Marrow Explants.
        Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Feb 25;
        Authors:  Gurkan UA, Gargac J, Akkus O
        Osteogenesis is a complex process that involves the synergistic contribution of multiple cell types and numerous growth factors (GFs). In order to develop effective bone tissue engineering strategies employing GFs, it is essential to delineate the complex and interconnected role of GFs in osteogenesis. The studies investigating the temporal involvement of GFs in osteogenesis are limited to in vitro studies with single cell types or complex in vivo studies. There is a need for platforms that embody the physiological characteristics and the multicellular environment of natural osteogenesis. Marrow tissue houses various cell types that are known to be involved in osteogenesis and in vitro cultures of marrow inherently undergo osteogenesis process. Self-inductive ossification of marrow explants in vitro can be employed as a representative multicellular and 3-dimensional model of osteogenesis. Therefore, the aims of this study were to employ the rat bone marrow explant ossification model to determine: 1) the temporal production profiles of key GFs involved in osteogenesis, 2) the relation between GF production and ossification, and, 3) the relations between the GF levels throughout ossification. Temporal production profiles of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); and the bone-related proteins alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (OC) were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted at days 2, 7, 12, 14, 19 and 21. The final amount of ossification (ossified volume, OV) was measured by micro computed tomography (muCT) at day 21. TGF-beta1, BMP-2, VEGF, IGF-1, AP and OC were produced by the ossifying marrow explants differentially over time. The early production of IGF-1 (day 2) correlated positively (r=0.868) with OV; however, latent production of IGF-1 correlated negatively (day14: r=-0.813; and day-19: r=-0.865) with OV. OV also correlated with VEGF levels at day-12 (r=0.988) and at day-14 (r=0.970). Production of GFs also correlated to each other across time points which indicate the complex and interconnected contribution of various GFs in osteogenesis. Therefore tissue engineering strategies towards bone regeneration should consider the richness of GFs involved in osteogenesis as well as their dynamically varying participation over time.
        PMID: 20184436 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is involved in human mesenchymal stem cell survival in serum-free medium.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6131</link>
      <description>Related Articles Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is involved in human mesenchymal stem cell survival in serum-free medium. Stem Cells Dev. 2009 Nov;18(9):1283-92 Authors: Solmesky LJ, Abekasis M, Bulvik S, Weil M Bone marrow human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to survive in serum-free media, when most normal somatic cells do not survive. We found that the endogenously-activated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is involved in this cellular behavior. Under this culture cond ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6131</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is involved in human mesenchymal stem cell survival in serum-free medium.
        Stem Cells Dev. 2009 Nov;18(9):1283-92
        Authors:  Solmesky LJ, Abekasis M, Bulvik S, Weil M
        Bone marrow human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to survive in serum-free media, when most normal somatic cells do not survive. We found that the endogenously-activated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is involved in this cellular behavior. Under this culture condition, phosphorylated Smad1 (PSmad1), the transducer of this signal, is localized in the hMSC nuclei. In addition, inhibition of this pathway with noggin, a BMP antagonist, elicits a caspase-dependent hMSC's death in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, exogenously added BMP4 alleviates the noggin effect, restoring cell survival, and suggesting that BMP signal is essential for hMSC survival under serum deprivation conditions. Altogether these findings demonstrate for the first time an endogenous survival pathway of hMSCs driven by a BMP signal. Such a survival mechanism might be involved in the maintenance of the hMSC population within their bone marrow niche.
        PMID: 19473100 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Bone induction by biomimetic PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer loaded with a novel synthetic BMP-2-related peptide in vitro and in vivo.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6134</link>
      <description>Related Articles Bone induction by biomimetic PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer loaded with a novel synthetic BMP-2-related peptide in vitro and in vivo. J Control Release. 2010 Feb 22; Authors: Lin Z, Duan Z, Guo X, Li J, Lu H, Zheng Q, Quan D, Yang S BMP-2 is one of the most important growth factors of bone regeneration. Polylactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), which is used as a biodegradable scaffold for delivering therapeutic agents, has been intensively investigated. In previous studies, we synthesize ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6134</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Bone induction by biomimetic PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer loaded with a novel synthetic BMP-2-related peptide in vitro and in vivo.
        J Control Release. 2010 Feb 22;
        Authors:  Lin Z, Duan Z, Guo X, Li J, Lu H, Zheng Q, Quan D, Yang S
        BMP-2 is one of the most important growth factors of bone regeneration. Polylactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), which is used as a biodegradable scaffold for delivering therapeutic agents, has been intensively investigated. In previous studies, we synthesized a novel BMP-2-related peptide (designated P24) and found that it could enhance the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The objective of this study was to construct a biomimetic composite by incorporating P24 into a modified PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer to promote bone formation. In vitro, our results demonstrated that PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n scaffolds were shown to be an efficient system for sustained release of P24. Significantly more BMSCs attached to the P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n and PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n membranes than to PLGA, and the cells in the two groups subsequently proliferated more vigorously than those in the PLGA group. The expression of osteogenic markers in P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n group was stronger than that in the PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n and PLGA groups. Radiographic and histological examination, Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n scaffold could induce more effective ectopic bone formation in vivo, as compared with PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n or gelatin sponge alone. It is concluded that the PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n copolymer is a good P24 carrier and can serve as a good scaffold for controlled release of P24. This novel P24/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)n composite promises to be an excellent biomaterial for inducing bone regeneration.
        PMID: 20184932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Anodic oxidized nanotubular titanium implants enhance bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6138</link>
      <description>Related Articles Anodic oxidized nanotubular titanium implants enhance bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Feb 22; Authors: Bae IH, Yun KD, Kim HS, Jeong BC, Lim HP, Park SW, Lee KM, Lim YC, Lee KK, Yang Y, Koh JT Implant failure has been attributed to loosening of an implant from the host bone possibly due to poor osseointegration. One promising strategy for improving osseointegration is to develop a functional implant surface that promotes osteoblast ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6138</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Anodic oxidized nanotubular titanium implants enhance bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery.
        J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010 Feb 22;
        Authors:  Bae IH, Yun KD, Kim HS, Jeong BC, Lim HP, Park SW, Lee KM, Lim YC, Lee KK, Yang Y, Koh JT
        Implant failure has been attributed to loosening of an implant from the host bone possibly due to poor osseointegration. One promising strategy for improving osseointegration is to develop a functional implant surface that promotes osteoblast differentiation. In this study, a titanium (Ti) surface was functionalized by an anodic oxidation process and was loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). The following four groups of Ti surfaces were prepared: machined (M), anodized machined (MA), resorbable blast medium (RBM), and anodized RBM (RBMA). The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The results showed that a Ti oxide layer (TiO(2)) was observed in the anodized surfaces in the form of nanotubes, approximately 100 nm in diameter and 500 nm in length. The hydrophilic properties of the anodized surfaces were significantly improved. The adsorbed rhBMP-2 loaded on the nonanodized surfaces and lyophilized showed spherical particle morphology. However, the adsorbed rhBMP-2 showed a dispersed pattern over the anodized surfaces. The velocity of the rhBMP-2 released from the surfaces was measured to determine if the anodized surface can improve in delivery efficiency. The results showed that the release velocity of the rhBMP-2 from the anodized surfaces was sustained when compared with that of the nonanodized surfaces. In addition, the rhBMP-2 released from the surface was found to be bioactive according to the alkaline phosphatase activity and the level of calcium mineral deposition. These results suggest that the TiO(2) nanotubular structure formed by anodizing is a promising configuration for sustained rhBMP-2 delivery. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
        PMID: 20186826 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Repair of large cranial defects by hBMP-2 expressing bone marrow stromal cells: Comparison between alginate and collagen type I systems.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6137</link>
      <description>Related Articles Repair of large cranial defects by hBMP-2 expressing bone marrow stromal cells: Comparison between alginate and collagen type I systems. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Feb 22; Authors: Chang SC, Chung HY, Tai CL, Chen PK, Lin TM, Jeng LB Despite a wide range of available sources for bone repair, significant limitations persist. To bioengineer bone, we have previously transferred adenovirus-mediated human BMP-2 gene into autologous bone marrow stromal cells (MSC). We have successfull ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6137</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Repair of large cranial defects by hBMP-2 expressing bone marrow stromal cells: Comparison between alginate and collagen type I systems.
        J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 Feb 22;
        Authors:  Chang SC, Chung HY, Tai CL, Chen PK, Lin TM, Jeng LB
        Despite a wide range of available sources for bone repair, significant limitations persist. To bioengineer bone, we have previously transferred adenovirus-mediated human BMP-2 gene into autologous bone marrow stromal cells (MSC). We have successfully repaired large, full thickness, cranial defects using this approach. We report now the effectiveness of various hydrogels as the scaffold for this type of bone regeneration, comparing specifically alginate with Type I collagen. Cultured MSC of miniature swine were infected with BMP-2 or beta-gal adenovirus 7 days before implantation. These cells were mixed with alginate, ultrapure alginate, alginate-RGD, or type I collagen to fabricate the MSC/biomaterial constructs. The results of cranial bone regeneration were assessed by gross examination, histology, 3D CT, and biomechanical tests at 6 weeks and 3 months after implantation. We found that the BMP-2 MSC/collagen type I construct, but not the beta-gal control, effectively achieved nearly complete repair of the cranial defects. No bone regeneration was observed with the other hydrogels. Biomechanical testing showed that the new bone strength was very close and only slightly inferior to that of normal cranial bone. Controlling for the integration of stem cells and ex vivo gene transfer, the alginate scaffolds has a significant negative impact on the success of the construct. Our study demonstrates better bone regeneration by collagen type I over alginate. This may have therapeutic implications for tissue engineered bone repair. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010.
        PMID: 20186742 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Global transcriptomic analysis of murine embryonic stem cell-derived brachyury (T) cells.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6133</link>
      <description>Related Articles Global transcriptomic analysis of murine embryonic stem cell-derived brachyury (T) cells. Genes Cells. 2010 Feb 24; Authors: Doss MX, Wagh V, Schulz H, Kull M, Kolde R, Pfannkuche K, Nolden T, Himmelbauer H, Vilo J, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A Brachyury(+) mesodermal cell population with purity over 79% was obtained from differentiating brachyury embryonic stem cells (ESC) generated with brachyury promoter driven enhanced green fluorescent protein and puromycin-N-acetyltransferase ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6133</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Global transcriptomic analysis of murine embryonic stem cell-derived brachyury (T) cells.
        Genes Cells. 2010 Feb 24;
        Authors:  Doss MX, Wagh V, Schulz H, Kull M, Kolde R, Pfannkuche K, Nolden T, Himmelbauer H, Vilo J, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A
        Brachyury(+) mesodermal cell population with purity over 79% was obtained from differentiating brachyury embryonic stem cells (ESC) generated with brachyury promoter driven enhanced green fluorescent protein and puromycin-N-acetyltransferase. A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of brachyury(+) cells enriched with puromycin application from 6-day-old embryoid bodies (EBs), 6-day-old control EBs and undifferentiated ESCs led to identification of 1573 uniquely up-regulated and 1549 uniquely down-regulated transcripts in brachyury(+) cells. Furthermore, transcripts up-regulated in brachyury(+) cells have overrepresented the Gene Ontology annotations (cell differentiation, blood vessel morphogenesis, striated muscle development, placenta development and cell motility) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotations (mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and transforming growth factor beta signaling). Transcripts representing Larp2 and Ankrd34b are notably up-regulated in brachyury(+) cells. Knockdown of Larp2 resulted in a significantly down-regulation BMP-2 expression, and knockdown of Ankrd34b resulted in alteration of NF-H, PPARgamma and PECAM1 expression. The elucidation of transcriptomic signatures of ESCs-derived brachyury(+) cells will contribute toward defining the genetic and cellular identities of presumptive mesodermal cells. Furthermore, there is a possible involvement of Larp2 in the regulation of the late mesodermal marker BMP-2. Ankrd34b might be a positive regulator of neurogenesis and a negative regulator of adipogenesis.
        PMID: 20184659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>AP-1 homolog BZLF1 of Epstein-Barr virus has two essential functions dependent on the epigenetic state of the viral genome.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6142</link>
      <description> Related Articles AP-1 homolog BZLF1 of Epstein-Barr virus has two essential functions dependent on the epigenetic state of the viral genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 12;107(2):850-5 Authors: Kalla M, Schmeinck A, Bergbauer M, Pich D, Hammerschmidt W EBV, a member of the herpes virus family, is a paradigm for human tumor viruses and a model of viral latency amenable for study in vitro. It induces resting human B lymphocytes to proliferate indefinitely in vitro and initially establishes ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6142</guid>
        
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   Related Articles
        AP-1 homolog BZLF1 of Epstein-Barr virus has two essential functions dependent on the epigenetic state of the viral genome.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 12;107(2):850-5
        Authors:  Kalla M, Schmeinck A, Bergbauer M, Pich D, Hammerschmidt W
        EBV, a member of the herpes virus family, is a paradigm for human tumor viruses and a model of viral latency amenable for study in vitro. It induces resting human B lymphocytes to proliferate indefinitely in vitro and initially establishes a strictly latent infection in these cells. BZLF1, related to the cellular activating protein 1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors, is the viral master gene essential and sufficient to mediate the switch to induce the EBV lytic phase in latently infected B cells. Enigmatically, after infection BZLF1 is expressed very early in the majority of primary B cells, but its early expression fails to induce the EBV lytic phase. We show that the early expression of BZLF1 has a critical role in driving the proliferation of quiescent na&#xEF;ve and memory B cells but not of activated germinal center B cells. BZLF1's initial failure to induce the EBV lytic phase relies on the viral DNA at first being unmethylated. We have found that the eventual and inevitable methylation of viral DNA is a prerequisite for productive infection in stably, latently infected B cells which then yield progeny virus lacking cytosine-phosphatidyl-guanosine (CpG) methylation. This progeny virus then can repeat EBV's epigenetically regulated, biphasic life cycle. Our data indicate that the viral BZLF1 protein is crucial both to establish latency and to escape from it. Our data also indicate that EBV has evolved to appropriate its host's mode of methylating DNA for its own epigenetic regulation.
        PMID: 20080764 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Introduction of shRNAs into human NK-like cell lines with retrovirus.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6140</link>
      <description> Related Articles Introduction of shRNAs into human NK-like cell lines with retrovirus. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;612:223-31 Authors: Purdy AK, Campbell KS Natural killer (NK) cell lines are difficult to transfect using standard techniques, which limits the ability to establish long-term knockdown of proteins with short-hairpin (sh)RNAs. We have developed a method to stably knockdown protein expression in human NK-like lines by introducing shRNAs in retroviral vectors. After a single transduction w ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6140</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Introduction of shRNAs into human NK-like cell lines with retrovirus.
        Methods Mol Biol. 2010;612:223-31
        Authors:  Purdy AK, Campbell KS
        Natural killer (NK) cell lines are difficult to transfect using standard techniques, which limits the ability to establish long-term knockdown of proteins with short-hairpin (sh)RNAs. We have developed a method to stably knockdown protein expression in human NK-like lines by introducing shRNAs in retroviral vectors. After a single transduction with retrovirus, shRNA-containing cells can be selected with drug treatment or sorted for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression. With this method, protein expression can be stably decreased to less than 10% of wild-type levels.
        PMID: 20033644 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Introduction of shRNAs into primary NK cells with lentivirus.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6141</link>
      <description> Related Articles Introduction of shRNAs into primary NK cells with lentivirus. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;612:233-47 Authors: Kung SK Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that provide an important line of defense against viruses and tumors. Technical hurdles in genetic modifications of primary NK cell ex vivo had limited our studies of protein function(s) in NK cell differentiation, acquisition of self-tolerance, and induction of anti-tumor responses. We used VSV-G-pseudotyped, EGFP-expressing ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6141</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Introduction of shRNAs into primary NK cells with lentivirus.
        Methods Mol Biol. 2010;612:233-47
        Authors:  Kung SK
        Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that provide an important line of defense against viruses and tumors. Technical hurdles in genetic modifications of primary NK cell ex vivo had limited our studies of protein function(s) in NK cell differentiation, acquisition of self-tolerance, and induction of anti-tumor responses. We used VSV-G-pseudotyped, EGFP-expressing lentiviral vectors to develop an efficient gene transfer system to modify gene expression in primary murine NK cells with or without prior IL-2 activation. Lentiviral vector transduction did not impair NK cellular viability, phenotype, or functions. We also demonstrated the use of this system in modifying differentiating NK cells derived from lentiviral-transduced murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Furthermore, the same transduction protocol is amendable to delivery of short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) for specific gene silencing. Collectively, our approach in genetic engineering of primary murine NK cells will prove useful in studying basic NK cell biology and in exploring therapeutic potentials of NK cells in inbred and transgenic mouse models.
        PMID: 20033645 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>IgG-single chain Fv fusion protein therapeutic for Alzheimer&apos;s disease: Expression in CHO cells and pharmacokinetics and brain delivery in the rhesus monkey.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6139</link>
      <description> Related Articles IgG-single chain Fv fusion protein therapeutic for Alzheimer&apos;s disease: Expression in CHO cells and pharmacokinetics and brain delivery in the rhesus monkey. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Feb 15;105(3):627-35 Authors: Boado RJ, Lu JZ, Hui EK, Pardridge WM Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against the Abeta amyloid peptide of Alzheimer&apos;s disease (AD) are potential new therapies for AD, since these antibodies disaggregate brain amyloid plaque. However, the MAb is not transported acr ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6139</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        IgG-single chain Fv fusion protein therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease: Expression in CHO cells and pharmacokinetics and brain delivery in the rhesus monkey.
        Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Feb 15;105(3):627-35
        Authors:  Boado RJ, Lu JZ, Hui EK, Pardridge WM
        Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against the Abeta amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are potential new therapies for AD, since these antibodies disaggregate brain amyloid plaque. However, the MAb is not transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To enable BBB transport, a single chain Fv (ScFv) antibody against the Abeta peptide of AD was re-engineered as a fusion protein with the MAb against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the ScFv therapeutic antibody across the BBB. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected with a tandem vector encoding the heavy and light chains of the HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein. A high secreting line was isolated following methotrexate amplification and dilutional cloning. The HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein in conditioned serum-free medium was purified by protein A affinity chromatography. The fusion protein was stable as a liquid formulation, and retained high-affinity binding of both the HIR and the Abeta amyloid peptide. The HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein was radiolabeled with the (125)I-Bolton-Hunter reagent, followed by measurement of the pharmacokinetics of plasma clearance and brain uptake in the adult Rhesus monkey. The HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein was rapidly cleared from plasma and was transported across the primate BBB in vivo. In conclusion, the HIRMAb-ScFv fusion protein is a new class of antibody-based therapeutic for AD that has been specifically engineered to cross the human BBB.
        PMID: 19816967 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Gene-specific FACS sorting method for target selection in high-throughput amplicon sequencing.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6143</link>
      <description>Related Articles Gene-specific FACS sorting method for target selection in high-throughput amplicon sequencing. BMC Genomics. 2010 Feb 26;11(1):140 Authors: Sandberg J, Neiman MG, Ahmadian A, Lundeberg J ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In addition to shotgun sequencing, next generation sequencing has been shown to be suitable for deep sequencing of many specific PCR-amplified target genes in parallel. However, primer-dimer formation is a common problem in amplicon sequencing since primer-dimers are diffic ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6143</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Gene-specific FACS sorting method for target selection in high-throughput amplicon sequencing.
        BMC Genomics. 2010 Feb 26;11(1):140
        Authors:  Sandberg J, Neiman MG, Ahmadian A, Lundeberg J
        ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In addition to shotgun sequencing, next generation sequencing has been shown to be suitable for deep sequencing of many specific PCR-amplified target genes in parallel. However, primer-dimer formation is a common problem in amplicon sequencing since primer-dimers are difficult to fully remove by gel purification, and their presence inevitably reduces the number of target sequence reads that can be obtained in each sequencing run. RESULTS: We have used a novel flow cytometric sorting approach to specifically enrich Roche/454 DNA Capture beads carrying target DNA sequences on their surface, and reject beads carrying primer-dimer sequences. This procedure gives a nearly three-fold increase in the fraction of informative sequences obtained. Presented results also show that there are no significant differences in the distribution or presence of different genotypes between a FACS-enriched sample and a standard-enriched control sample. CONCLUSIONS: Target-specific FACS enrichment prior to Roche/454 sequencing provides a quick, inexpensive way of increasing the amount of high quality data obtained in a single sequencing run, without introducing any sequence bias.
        PMID: 20184782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Current and future directions in MS management: key considerations for managed care pharmacists.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6144</link>
      <description>Related Articles Current and future directions in MS management: key considerations for managed care pharmacists. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009 Nov-Dec;15(9 Suppl A):S2-15; quiz S16-7 Authors: Lipsy RJ, Schapiro RT, Prostko CR BACKGROUND: The management paradigm for multiple sclerosis (MS) continues to evolve and is shifting toward earlier diagnosis, differentiation of patients with varying clinical prognoses, and earlier initiation of treatment in selected individuals. Based on surveys conducted at  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6144</guid>
        
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Related Articles
        Current and future directions in MS management: key considerations for managed care pharmacists.
        J Manag Care Pharm. 2009 Nov-Dec;15(9 Suppl A):S2-15; quiz S16-7
        Authors:  Lipsy RJ, Schapiro RT, Prostko CR
        BACKGROUND: The management paradigm for multiple sclerosis (MS) continues to evolve and is shifting toward earlier diagnosis, differentiation of patients with varying clinical prognoses, and earlier initiation of treatment in selected individuals. Based on surveys conducted at the 2008 annual conference of the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) and at regional meetings held in 2009, several topics were identified for which pharmacists indicated a need for new and updated information. OBJECTIVE: To review (a) recent insights into the pathophysiology underlying MS, (b) the improvements in identification of patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) who will progress to clinically definite MS (CDMS), (c) the current role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other technologies in the diagnosis and ongoing management of MS, (d) the optimal time to initiate treatment in patients with CIS or MS, and (e) the potential utility of new and emerging therapies in MS management. METHODS: The medical education company PRIME conducted an educational needs assessment regarding knowledge of recent developments and future directions in MS management at a symposium held at the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy Educational Conference in Kansas City, Missouri, on October 17, 2008. This was augmented by an ongoing educational needs assessment initiative that involved a national series of regional dinner meetings for managed care pharmacists on the topic of MS in the first 3 quarters of 2009. Collectively, these needs assessments were designed to determine educational gaps that existed after participants attended the symposia on MS, in an effort to plan a follow-up enduring educational activity that addressed those gaps. Measures of learners' post-program intent were collected, as well as specific topic areas recommended for a follow-up activity. SUMMARY: Advances have been made in the understanding of CIS subtypes and refinement of MS diagnostic criteria. Early initiation of treatment in patients with a CIS has been shown to prolong the time to progression to CDMS, delay the development of disability, and may also decrease longterm health care costs. In addition, a number of novel therapies for patients with MS are in late stages of clinical development, including several oral medications that are of particular interest to managed care pharmacists. These will provide potentially attractive treatment alternatives for patients with MS, who currently must choose from a selection of injectable drugs.
        PMID: 19877743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Reactive oxygen species produced by the knockdown of manganese-superoxide dismutase up-regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6149</link>
      <description> Reactive oxygen species produced by the knockdown of manganese-superoxide dismutase up-regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Feb 23; Authors: Sasabe E, Yang Z, Ohno S, Yamamoto T Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a central regulator that controls the hypoxic response of mammalian cells through the induction of various target genes, and its expression contributes to the development and malignant progress ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6149</guid>
        
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        Reactive oxygen species produced by the knockdown of manganese-superoxide dismutase up-regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
        Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Feb 23;
        Authors:  Sasabe E, Yang Z, Ohno S, Yamamoto T
        Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is a central regulator that controls the hypoxic response of mammalian cells through the induction of various target genes, and its expression contributes to the development and malignant progression of many tumors. We previously reported that some chemotherapeutic drugs and gamma-rays induce HIF-1alpha expression through increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. However, the mechanism by which intracellular ROS activate HIF-1alpha expression is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of ROS on HIF-1alpha signaling in OSCC cells by the transfection of manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD)-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). The levels of HIF-1alpha protein and mRNA were increased by siRNA under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in parallel with the increase of intracellular ROS levels. The accumulation of HIF-1alpha protein was enhanced through inhibition of the recruitment of von Hippel-Lindau protein and HIF-1alpha ubiquitination without a change in prolyl hydroxylase mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the transactivation of HIF-1alpha was enhanced via cap-dependent and an internal ribosome entry site-mediated mechanisms. These results suggest that intracellular ROS produced by the knockdown of Mn-SOD enhance HIF-1alpha expression in OSCC cells through the transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational regulations.
        PMID: 20188165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <item>
  <title>Arsenite down-regulates the cytochrome P450 1A1 at transcriptional and post-translational levels in human HepG2 cells.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6151</link>
      <description> Arsenite down-regulates the cytochrome P450 1A1 at transcriptional and post-translational levels in human HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Feb 24; Authors: Anwar-Mohamed A, El-Kadi AO Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands typified by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and metals, typified by arsenite (As(III)), are environmental co-contaminants and their molecular interaction may disrupt the coordinated regulation of the carcinogen activating enzyme cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6151</guid>
        
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        Arsenite down-regulates the cytochrome P450 1A1 at transcriptional and post-translational levels in human HepG2 cells.
        Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Feb 24;
        Authors:  Anwar-Mohamed A, El-Kadi AO
        Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands typified by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and metals, typified by arsenite (As(III)), are environmental co-contaminants and their molecular interaction may disrupt the coordinated regulation of the carcinogen activating enzyme cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). Therefore, in the current study we examined the effect of co-exposure to As(III) and TCDD on the expression of the CYP1A1 in HepG2 cells. Our results showed that As(III) caused a dose-dependent decrease in TCDD-mediated induction of CYP1A1 mRNA, protein, and catalytic activity levels. As(III) significantly inhibited TCDD-mediated induction of AhR-dependent luciferase reporter gene expression without altering CYP1A1 mRNA stability. In addition, As(III) increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA which coincided with further decrease in the CYP1A1 catalytic activity levels. Upon using a competitive HO-1 inhibitor tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) or transfecting the HepG2 cells with siRNA for HO-1 there was a partial restoration of the inhibition of TCDD-mediated induction of CYP1A1 catalytic activity. Treatment of cells with heme or hemoglobin partially restored the As(III)-mediated inhibition of CYP1A1 catalytic activity. On the other hand, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) increased HO-1 mRNA with a concomitant decrease in CYP1A1 activity without affecting CYP1A1 mRNA which was reversed by HO-1 siRNA transfection. This study demonstrates that As(III) down-regulates CYP1A1 through transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. In addition, HO-1 is involved in the As(III)-mediated down-regulation of CYP1A1 at the catalytic activity level.
        PMID: 20188822 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <item>
  <title>VEGF-mediated angiogenesis stimulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the premature brain.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6148</link>
      <description> VEGF-mediated angiogenesis stimulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the premature brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 23; Authors: Sun J, Sha B, Zhou W, Yang Y This study investigated the effects of angiogenesis on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the premature brain. We observed the changes in neurogenesis that followed the stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis by altering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6148</guid>
        
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        VEGF-mediated angiogenesis stimulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the premature brain.
        Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 23;
        Authors:  Sun J, Sha B, Zhou W, Yang Y
        This study investigated the effects of angiogenesis on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the premature brain. We observed the changes in neurogenesis that followed the stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis by altering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a 3-day-old rat model. VEGF expression was overexpressed by adenovirus transfection and down-regulated by siRNA interference. Using immunofluorescence assays, western blot analysis, and real-time PCR methods, we observed angiogenesis and the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the number of vWF-positive areas peaked at day seven, and they were highest in the VEGF up-regulation group and lowest in the VEGF down-regulation group at every time point. The number of neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the subventricular zone gradually increased over time in the VEGF up-regulation group. Among the three groups, the number of these cells was highest in the VEGF up-regulation group and lowest in the VEGF down-regulation group at the same time point. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR confirmed these results. These data suggest that angiogenesis may stimulate the proliferation of neural stem cells and differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the premature brain.
        PMID: 20188072 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>PIM-1 gene RNA interference induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and suppresses tumor progression in vivo.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6152</link>
      <description> PIM-1 gene RNA interference induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and suppresses tumor progression in vivo. J Surg Oncol. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Zhang T, Zhang X, Ding K, Yang K, Zhang Z, Xu Y BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to investigate the roles of PIM-1 in prostate cancer (CaP) cell proliferation and apoptosis, and to assess the potential of PIM-1 as a target for CaP therapy. METHODS: Using RNAi technology, we knocked down the expression of PIM-1 in PC-3 ce ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6152</guid>
        
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        PIM-1 gene RNA interference induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and suppresses tumor progression in vivo.
        J Surg Oncol. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Zhang T, Zhang X, Ding K, Yang K, Zhang Z, Xu Y
        BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to investigate the roles of PIM-1 in prostate cancer (CaP) cell proliferation and apoptosis, and to assess the potential of PIM-1 as a target for CaP therapy. METHODS: Using RNAi technology, we knocked down the expression of PIM-1 in PC-3 cell. After siRNA transfection, cell morphology, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis rate were analyzed. PIM-1 siRNA with Lipofectamine were injected into xenograft models to evaluate its therapeutic effect. RESULTS: PIM-1 siRNA significantly inhibited PIM-1 expression. In vitro, silencing of the PIM-1 gene resulted in irregular cell morphology, decreased cell proliferation, inhibition of cell-cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis. Compared with control groups, intratumoral injection of PIM-1 siRNA with Lipofectamine in nude mice dramatically suppressed PC-3 tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS: PIM-1 could play important roles in the progression of CaP and may be an interesting target for CaP therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
        PMID: 20191609 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Cigarette smoke particle phase extract induces HO-1 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells: Role of c-Src/NADPH oxidase/MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6150</link>
      <description> Cigarette smoke particle phase extract induces HO-1 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells: Role of c-Src/NADPH oxidase/MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Feb 24; Authors: Cheng SE, Lee IT, Lin CC, Kou YR, Yang CM Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known as an oxidative stress protein that is up-regulated by various stimuli. HO-1 has been shown to protect cells against oxidative damage. Cigarette smoke is a potential inflammatory mediator which causes chronic obstructive  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:28 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6150</guid>
        
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        Cigarette smoke particle phase extract induces HO-1 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells: Role of c-Src/NADPH oxidase/MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
        Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Feb 24;
        Authors:  Cheng SE, Lee IT, Lin CC, Kou YR, Yang CM
        Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known as an oxidative stress protein that is up-regulated by various stimuli. HO-1 has been shown to protect cells against oxidative damage. Cigarette smoke is a potential inflammatory mediator which causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. In this study, we report that cigarette smoke particle phase extract (CSPE) is an inducer of HO-1 expression mediated through various signaling pathways in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs). CSPE-induced HO-1 protein, mRNA expression, and promoter activity were attenuated by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) and the inhibitors of c-Src (PP1), NADPH oxidase [diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin (APO)], MEK1/2 (U0126), p38 MAPK (SB202190), and JNK1/2 (SP600125) or transfection with siRNA of Src, p47(phox), NOX2, p42, p38, JNK2, or NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). CSPE-stimulated translocation of p47(phox) and Nrf2, ROS production, and NADPH oxidase activity were attenuated by transfection with siRNAs of Src, p47(phox), and NOX2 or pretreatment with PP1, DPI, or APO. Furthermore, CSPE-induced NOX2, c-Src, and p47(phox) complex formation was revealed by immunoprecipitation using an anti-NOX2, anti-p47(phox), or anti-c-Src Ab followed by Western blot against an anti-NOX2, anti-p47(phox), or anti-c-Src Ab. These results demonstrated that CSPE-induced ROS generation was mediated through a c-Src/NADPH oxidase/MAPKs pathway, in turn initiated the activation of Nrf2, and ultimately induced HO-1 expression in HTSMCs.
        PMID: 20188821 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <item>
  <title>[Construction and screening of neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66 eukaryotic expression vectors]</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6146</link>
      <description> [Construction and screening of neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66 eukaryotic expression vectors] Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Feb;24(2):185-9 Authors: Li R, Dang X, Li L, Wang K, Bai C, Bao L, Lou G OBJECTIVE: To construct and screen neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66-small interfering RNA (nogo66-siRNA) eukaryotic expression vectors of effective interference, so as to lay a foundation for further reconstruction of related viral vector. METHODS: The nogo66-siRNA fragments were desig ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6146</guid>
        
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        [Construction and screening of neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66 eukaryotic expression vectors]
        Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Feb;24(2):185-9
        Authors:  Li R, Dang X, Li L, Wang K, Bai C, Bao L, Lou G
        OBJECTIVE: To construct and screen neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66-small interfering RNA (nogo66-siRNA) eukaryotic expression vectors of effective interference, so as to lay a foundation for further reconstruction of related viral vector. METHODS: The nogo66-siRNA fragments were designed and cloned into pGenesil-1.1, 4 plasmids of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-1, pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-2, pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-hk, and pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-kb were obtained, sequenced and identified, then were transfected into C6 cell line. The transfection efficiency was measured by fluorescence microscope. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of nogo gene and select the plasmid of effective interference. RESULTS: DNA sequencing results showed interference sequences were correct. The bands of 800 bp and 4.3 kb were detected when pGenesil-nogo66-siRNAs were digested by Kpn I/Xho I. The expression of green fluorescent protein could be detected under fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was about 73%. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that compared to non-transfected cells, the transfection of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-1 made the expression of nogo gene decline 22% and the expression of nogo protein decline 73%; the transfection of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-2 made the expression of nogo gene decline 28% and the expression of nogo protein decline 78%; the differences were significant (P < 0.05); and the transfection of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-hk and pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-kb did not make the expressions of nogo gene and nogo protein decrease significantly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nogo66-siRNA eukaryotic expression vector is successfully constructed, it lays an experimental foundation for repair of spinal cord injury.
        PMID: 20187450 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <item>
  <title>Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6147</link>
      <description> Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010 Feb 26;12(1):R33 Authors: Garcia S, Liz M, Gomez-Reino JJ, Conde C ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Synovial hyperplasia is a main feature of rheumatoid arthritis pathology that leads to cartilage and bone damage in the inflamed joints. Impaired apoptosis of resident synoviocytes is pivotal in this process. Apoptosis resistance seems to involve defects in the extrinsic ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6147</guid>
        
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        Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage.
        Arthritis Res Ther. 2010 Feb 26;12(1):R33
        Authors:  Garcia S, Liz M, Gomez-Reino JJ, Conde C
        ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Synovial hyperplasia is a main feature of rheumatoid arthritis pathology that leads to cartilage and bone damage in the inflamed joints. Impaired apoptosis of resident synoviocytes is pivotal in this process. Apoptosis resistance seems to involve defects in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PI3Kinase/Akt and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in the resistance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast like synovial cells (FLS) to Fas-mediated apoptosis. METHODS: Apoptosis was assessed by ELISA quantification of nucleosomal release, Hoechst staining and activated caspase-3/7 measure in cultured RA FLS stimulated with anti-Fas antibody. Two Phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein Kinase B (PI3 Kinase) inhibitors, Wortmannine and LY294002, were used before anti-Fas stimulation. Proapoptotic BH3 interacting domain death agonist (Bid) was suppressed in RA FLS by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Bid was overexpressed by transfection with the pDsRed2-Bid vector. Phosphorylated Akt, caspase-9, and Bid expression were analysed by western blot. RESULTS: PI3 kinase inhibition sensitizes RA FLS to Fas-induced apoptosis by increasing cleavage of Bid protein. Bid suppression completely abrogated Fas-induced apoptosis and Bid overexpression highly increased apoptotic rate of RA FLS in association with cleavage of caspase-9. CONCLUSIONS: In RA FLS, phosphorylation of Akt protects against Fas-induced apoptosis through inhibition of Bid cleavage. The connection between the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways are critical in this Fas- mediated apoptosis and points to PI3Kinase as potential therapeutic target for RA.
        PMID: 20187936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Class III beta-tubulin expression and in vitro resistance to microtubule targeting agents.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6145</link>
      <description> Related Articles Class III beta-tubulin expression and in vitro resistance to microtubule targeting agents. Br J Cancer. 2010 Jan 19;102(2):316-24 Authors: Stengel C, Newman SP, Leese MP, Potter BV, Reed MJ, Purohit A BACKGROUND: Class III beta-tubulin overexpression is a marker of resistance to microtubule disruptors in vitro, in vivo and in the clinic for many cancers, including breast cancer. The aims of this study were to develop a new model of class III beta-tubulin expression, avoiding th ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6145</guid>
        
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 Related Articles
        Class III beta-tubulin expression and in vitro resistance to microtubule targeting agents.
        Br J Cancer. 2010 Jan 19;102(2):316-24
        Authors:  Stengel C, Newman SP, Leese MP, Potter BV, Reed MJ, Purohit A
        BACKGROUND: Class III beta-tubulin overexpression is a marker of resistance to microtubule disruptors in vitro, in vivo and in the clinic for many cancers, including breast cancer. The aims of this study were to develop a new model of class III beta-tubulin expression, avoiding the toxicity associated with chronic overexpression of class III beta-tubulin, and study the efficacy of a panel of clinical and pre-clinical drugs in this model. METHODS: MCF-7 (ER+ve) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-ve) were either transfected with pALTER-TUBB3 or siRNA-tubb3 and 24 h later exposed to test compounds for a further 96 h for proliferation studies. RT-PCR and immunoblotting were used to monitor the changes in class III beta-tubulin mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS: The model allowed for subtle changes in class III beta-tubulin expression to be achieved, which had no direct effect on the viability of the cells. Class III beta-tubulin overexpression conferred resistance to paclitaxel and vinorelbine, whereas downregulation of class III beta-tubulin rendered cells more sensitive to these two drugs. The efficacy of the colchicine-site binding agents, 2-MeOE2, colchicine, STX140, ENMD1198 and STX243 was unaffected by the changes in class III beta-tubulin expression. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the effect of class III beta-tubulin overexpression may depend on where the drug's binding site is located on the tubulin. Therefore, this study highlights for the first time the potential key role of targeting the colchicine-binding site, to develop new treatment modalities for taxane-refractory breast cancer.
        PMID: 20029418 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Efflux-mediated bis-indole resistance in Staphylococcus aureus reveals differential substrate specificities for MepA and MepR.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6154</link>
      <description> Efflux-mediated bis-indole resistance in Staphylococcus aureus reveals differential substrate specificities for MepA and MepR. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Feb 10; Authors: Opperman TJ, Williams JD, Houseweart C, Panchal RG, Bavari S, Peet NP, Moir DT, Bowlin TL The bis-indoles are a novel class of compounds with potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The mechanism of action of these compounds has not been clearly defined. To study the mech ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6154</guid>
        
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        Efflux-mediated bis-indole resistance in Staphylococcus aureus reveals differential substrate specificities for MepA and MepR.
        Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Feb 10;
        Authors:  Opperman TJ, Williams JD, Houseweart C, Panchal RG, Bavari S, Peet NP, Moir DT, Bowlin TL
        The bis-indoles are a novel class of compounds with potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The mechanism of action of these compounds has not been clearly defined. To study the mechanism of action of bis-indoles, selections for mutants of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325 with reduced susceptibility to several chemically related bis-indoles were carried out using serial passages in subinhibitory compound concentrations. Resistant mutants were only obtained for one of the four bis-indoles tested (MBX-1090), and these appeared at concentrations up to 16X MIC within 10-12 passages. MBX-1090 resistance mutations produced a truncated open reading frame of mepR (SAOUHSC_00314), a gene encoding a MarR-like repressor. MepR regulates expression of mepA (SAOUHSC_00315), which encodes a member of the Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) family of efflux pumps. MBX-1090 resistance was reverted when mepR (wild type) was provided in trans. Microarray experiments and RT-PCR experiments confirmed that over-expression of mepA is required for resistance. Interestingly, MBX-1090 resistant mutants and strains overexpressing mepA from an expression vector did not exhibit cross-resistance to closely related bis-indole compounds. MBX-1090 did not induce expression of mepA, suggesting that this compound does not directly interact with MepR. Conversely, the bis-indoles that were not substrates of MepA strongly induced mepA expression. The results of this study suggest that MepA and MepR exhibit remarkably distinct substrate specificity for closely related bis-indoles.
        PMID: 20188576 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Identification of genes specifically expressed during Bacillus cereus growth at low temperature.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6157</link>
      <description> Identification of genes specifically expressed during Bacillus cereus growth at low temperature. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Brillard J, J&amp;#xE9;hanno I, Dargaignaratz C, Barbosa I, Ginies C, Carlin F, Fedhila S, Nguyen-The C, Broussolle V, Sanchis V The mechanisms involved in the ability of B. cereus to multiply at low temperature were investigated. It was assumed that many genes involved in cold acclimation would be up-regulated at low temperature. Recombinase-based in vivo e ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6157</guid>
        
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        Identification of genes specifically expressed during Bacillus cereus growth at low temperature.
        Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Brillard J, J&#xE9;hanno I, Dargaignaratz C, Barbosa I, Ginies C, Carlin F, Fedhila S, Nguyen-The C, Broussolle V, Sanchis V
        The mechanisms involved in the ability of B. cereus to multiply at low temperature were investigated. It was assumed that many genes involved in cold acclimation would be up-regulated at low temperature. Recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (IVET) was adapted to the detection of the transient activation of B. cereus promoters during growth at 10 degrees C. Four independent screenings of a promoter library from type strain ATCC 14579 were performed and 17 clones were isolated. They corresponded to 17 promoter regions that displayed a reproducible elevated expression at 10 degrees C relative to 30 degrees C. This analysis revealed several genes that may be important for B. cereus to grow successfully in the restrictive conditions of cold habitats. Among them, a locus corresponding to open reading frames BC5402 to BC5398 harbouring a lipase encoding gene and a putative transcriptional regulator was identified three times. While a mutation in the putative regulator encoding gene did not cause any particular phenotype, a mutant deficient for the lipase encoding gene showed reduced growth abilities at low temperature compared with the parental strain. The mutant did not change its fatty acid profiles in the same way as the wild-type when grown at 12 degrees C instead of 37 degrees C. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a promoter trap strategy for identifying cold induced genes. It outlines a first picture of the different processes involved in B. cereus cold acclimation.
        PMID: 20190083 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>A Synonymous Mutation in the CFTR Gene Causes an Aberrant Splicing in an Italian Patient Affected by a Mild Form of Cystic Fibrosis.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6156</link>
      <description> A Synonymous Mutation in the CFTR Gene Causes an Aberrant Splicing in an Italian Patient Affected by a Mild Form of Cystic Fibrosis. J Mol Diagn. 2010 Feb 26; Authors: Faa&apos; V, Coiana A, Incani F, Costantino L, Cao A, Rosatelli MC Mutations within exons are responsible for aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA in several human disease genes and in some viral systems. Nonsense, missense, and even synonymous mutations can induce aberrant skipping of the mutant exon, producing nonfunctional proteins. In th ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
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        A Synonymous Mutation in the CFTR Gene Causes an Aberrant Splicing in an Italian Patient Affected by a Mild Form of Cystic Fibrosis.
        J Mol Diagn. 2010 Feb 26;
        Authors:  Faa' V, Coiana A, Incani F, Costantino L, Cao A, Rosatelli MC
        Mutations within exons are responsible for aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA in several human disease genes and in some viral systems. Nonsense, missense, and even synonymous mutations can induce aberrant skipping of the mutant exon, producing nonfunctional proteins. In this paper, we describe the effect on the splicing efficiency of the synonymous variant 2811 G>T [Gly893Gly] detected in a patient of Italian descent affected by a mild form of cystic fibrosis, until now mentioned as sequence variation with unknown functional consequences. The study, performed through DNA as well as RNA analyses, shows that this mutation creates a new 5' splice site within exon 15, resulting in a transcript lacking 76 amino acid residues. Although this aberrant splicing causes a shorter exon 15, the downstream exonic sequence from exon 16 to the end of the open reading frame is in frame. This study indicates that apparently neutral polymorphism, which may be erroneously classified as nonpathogenic, may indeed led to aberrant splicing thereby resulting in defective protein.
        PMID: 20190016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Isolation and Purification of a New Kalimantacin/Batumin-Related Polyketide Antibiotic and Elucidation of Its Biosynthesis Gene Cluster.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6155</link>
      <description> Isolation and Purification of a New Kalimantacin/Batumin-Related Polyketide Antibiotic and Elucidation of Its Biosynthesis Gene Cluster. Chem Biol. 2010 Feb 26;17(2):149-159 Authors: Mattheus W, Gao LJ, Herdewijn P, Landuyt B, Verhaegen J, Masschelein J, Volckaert G, Lavigne R Kal/bat, a polyketide, isolated to high purity (&gt;95%) is characterized by strong and selective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus species (minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.05 mug/mL), and no resistance was o ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6155</guid>
        
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        Isolation and Purification of a New Kalimantacin/Batumin-Related Polyketide Antibiotic and Elucidation of Its Biosynthesis Gene Cluster.
        Chem Biol. 2010 Feb 26;17(2):149-159
        Authors:  Mattheus W, Gao LJ, Herdewijn P, Landuyt B, Verhaegen J, Masschelein J, Volckaert G, Lavigne R
        Kal/bat, a polyketide, isolated to high purity (>95%) is characterized by strong and selective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus species (minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.05 mug/mL), and no resistance was observed in strains already resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The kal/bat biosynthesis gene cluster was determined to a 62 kb genomic region of Pseudomonas fluorescens BCCM_ID9359. The kal/bat gene cluster consists of 16 open reading frames (ORF), encoding a hybrid PKS-NRPS system, extended with trans-acting tailoring functions. A full model for kal/bat biosynthesis is postulated and experimentally tested by gene inactivation, structural confirmation (using NMR spectroscopy), and complementation. The structural and microbiological study of biosynthetic kal/bat analogs revealed the importance of the carbamoyl group and 17-keto group for antibacterial activity. The mechanism of self-resistance lies within the production of an inactive intermediate, which is activated in a one-step enzymatic oxidation upon export. The genetic basis and biochemical elucidation of the biosynthesis pathway of this antibiotic will facilitate rational engineering for the design of novel structures with improved activities. This makes it a promising new therapeutic option to cope with multidrug-resistant clinical infections.
        PMID: 20189105 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Mutations in the coding regions of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in Iranian families with maturity onset diabetes of the young.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6153</link>
      <description> Related Articles Mutations in the coding regions of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in Iranian families with maturity onset diabetes of the young. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8:63 Authors: Taghavi SM, Fatemi SS, Rafatpanah H, Ganjali R, Tavakolafshari J, Valizadeh N Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) is a nuclear receptor involved in glucose homeostasis and is required for normal beta cell function. Mutations in the HNF4alpha gene are associated with maturity onset diabetes of the ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
        <guid>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6153</guid>
        
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  Related Articles
        Mutations in the coding regions of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in Iranian families with maturity onset diabetes of the young.
        Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8:63
        Authors:  Taghavi SM, Fatemi SS, Rafatpanah H, Ganjali R, Tavakolafshari J, Valizadeh N
        Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) is a nuclear receptor involved in glucose homeostasis and is required for normal beta cell function. Mutations in the HNF4alpha gene are associated with maturity onset diabetes of the young type 1 (MODY1). The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and nature of mutations in HNF4alpha gene in Iranian patients with a clinical diagnosis of MODY and their family members. Twelve families including 30 patients with clinically MODY diagnosis and 21 members of their family were examined using PCR-RFLP method and in case of mutation confirmed by sequencing techniques. Fifty age and sex matched subjects with normal fasting blood sugar (FBS) and Glucose tolerance test (GTT) were constituted the control group and investigated in the similar pattern. Single mutation of V255M in the HNF4alpha gene was detected. This known mutation was found in 8 of 30 patients and 3 of 21 individuals in relatives. Fifty healthy control subjects did not show any mutation. Here, it is indicated that the prevalence of HNF4alpha mutation among Iranian patients with clinical MODY is considerable. This mutation was present in 26.6% of our patients, but nothing was found in control group. In the family members, 3 subjects with the age of <or=25 years old carried this mutation. Therefore, holding this mutation in this range of age could be a predisposing factor for developing diabetes in future.
        PMID: 20003313 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Reprogramming of human fibroblasts to pluripotent stem cells using mRNA of four transcription factors.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6158</link>
      <description> Reprogramming of human fibroblasts to pluripotent stem cells using mRNA of four transcription factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 24; Authors: Yakubov E, Rechavi G, Rozenblatt S, Givol D Reprogramming of differentiated cells into induced pluripotent cells (iPS) was accomplished in 2006 by expressing four, or less, embryonic stem cell (ESC) - specific transcription factors. Due to the possible danger of DNA damage and the potential tumorigenicity associated with such DNA damage, attemp ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
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        Reprogramming of human fibroblasts to pluripotent stem cells using mRNA of four transcription factors.
        Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Feb 24;
        Authors:  Yakubov E, Rechavi G, Rozenblatt S, Givol D
        Reprogramming of differentiated cells into induced pluripotent cells (iPS) was accomplished in 2006 by expressing four, or less, embryonic stem cell (ESC) - specific transcription factors. Due to the possible danger of DNA damage and the potential tumorigenicity associated with such DNA damage, attempts were made to minimize DNA integration by the vectors involved in this process without complete success. Here we present a method of using RNA transfection as a tool for reprogramming human fibroblasts to iPS. We used RNA synthesized in vitro from cDNA of the same reprogramming four transcription factors. After transfection of the RNA, we show intracellular expression and nuclear localization of the respective proteins in at least 70% of the cells. We used five consecutive transfections to support continuous protein expression resulting in the formation of iPS colonies that express alkaline phosphatase and several ESC markers and that can be expanded. This method completely avoids DNA integration and may be developed to replace the use of DNA vectors in the formation of iPS.
        PMID: 20188704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Ovarian cancer classification based on dimensionality reduction for SELDI-TOF data.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6159</link>
      <description> Ovarian cancer classification based on dimensionality reduction for SELDI-TOF data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2010 Feb 27;11(1):109 Authors: Tang K, Li T, Xiong W, Chen K ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in proteomics technologies such as SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry has shown promise in the detection of early stage cancers. However, dimensionality reduction and classification are considerable challenges in statistical machine learning. We therefore propose a novel approach for dimensionality red ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
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        Ovarian cancer classification based on dimensionality reduction for SELDI-TOF data.
        BMC Bioinformatics. 2010 Feb 27;11(1):109
        Authors:  Tang K, Li T, Xiong W, Chen K
        ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in proteomics technologies such as SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry has shown promise in the detection of early stage cancers. However, dimensionality reduction and classification are considerable challenges in statistical machine learning. We therefore propose a novel approach for dimensionality reduction and tested it using published high-resolution SELDI-TOF data for ovarian cancer. RESULTS: We propose a method based on statistical moments to reduce feature dimensions. After refining and t-testing, SELDI-TOF data are divided into several intervals. Four statistical moments (mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis) are calculated for each interval and are used as representative variables. The high dimensionality of the data can thus be rapidly reduced. To improve efficiency and classification performance, the data are further used in kernel PLS models. The method achieved average sensitivity of 0.9950, specificity of 0.9916, accuracy of 0.9935 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9869 for 100 five-fold cross validations. Furthermore, only one control was misclassified in leave-one-out cross validation. CONCLUSION: The proposed method is suitable for analyzing high-throughput proteomics data.
        PMID: 20187963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>Effectiveness of microRNA in Down-regulation of TGF-beta gene expression in digital flexor tendons of chickens: in vitro and in vivo study.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6160</link>
      <description> Related Articles Effectiveness of microRNA in Down-regulation of TGF-beta gene expression in digital flexor tendons of chickens: in vitro and in vivo study. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Dec;34(10):1777-84.e1 Authors: Chen CH, Zhou YL, Wu YF, Cao Y, Gao JS, Tang JB PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is considered to be responsible for the formation of scars such as adhesions around healing digital flexor tendons. We proposed to deliver microRNAs (miRNAs) to silence expression of the TGF-beta ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
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 Related Articles
        Effectiveness of microRNA in Down-regulation of TGF-beta gene expression in digital flexor tendons of chickens: in vitro and in vivo study.
        J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Dec;34(10):1777-84.e1
        Authors:  Chen CH, Zhou YL, Wu YF, Cao Y, Gao JS, Tang JB
        PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is considered to be responsible for the formation of scars such as adhesions around healing digital flexor tendons. We proposed to deliver microRNAs (miRNAs) to silence expression of the TGF-beta1 gene and to investigate the effectiveness of miRNAs in down-regulation of the TGF-beta1 gene in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: We designed and engineered 4 miRNAs according to genetic sequences of chicken TGF-beta1. Four plasmid vectors harboring the respective engineered miRNAs and 1 control vector were constructed. We transfected 30 wells of cultured tenocytes with these vectors and harvested them 48 hours later. The gene expression levels were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Subsequently, the miRNA that most effectively silenced TGF-beta gene in vitro was tested on 25 chickens in vivo. The miRNA and control vectors were injected into the injured tendons, respectively. At 1 and 6 weeks after surgery, the tendons were analyzed for gene expression and protein production. RESULTS: In both in vitro and in vivo settings, delivery of miRNA to the tendon substantially down-regulated expression of the TGF-beta gene but did not affect expression of the collagen I gene. In the healing tendon, TGF-beta gene expression was significantly down-regulated by 50% to 60% at 1 and 6 weeks. At 6 weeks, the collagen III gene expression was significantly down-regulated by 55% at 6 weeks and the connective tissue growth factor gene was significantly down-regulated by 25%. At 6 weeks, TGF-beta protein was substantially decreased. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA significantly down-regulates expression of the TGF-beta in vitro and in vivo. Application of miRNA did not down-regulate expression of the collagen I, but downregulated the collagen III gene. Application of miRNA treatment to modulate TGF-beta expression holds great promise in preventing tendon adhesion formation.
        PMID: 19969188 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6162</link>
      <description> Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010 Feb 26;12(1):R33 Authors: Garcia S, Liz M, Gomez-Reino JJ, Conde C ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Synovial hyperplasia is a main feature of rheumatoid arthritis pathology that leads to cartilage and bone damage in the inflamed joints. Impaired apoptosis of resident synoviocytes is pivotal in this process. Apoptosis resistance seems to involve defects in the extrinsic ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
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        Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage.
        Arthritis Res Ther. 2010 Feb 26;12(1):R33
        Authors:  Garcia S, Liz M, Gomez-Reino JJ, Conde C
        ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Synovial hyperplasia is a main feature of rheumatoid arthritis pathology that leads to cartilage and bone damage in the inflamed joints. Impaired apoptosis of resident synoviocytes is pivotal in this process. Apoptosis resistance seems to involve defects in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PI3Kinase/Akt and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in the resistance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast like synovial cells (FLS) to Fas-mediated apoptosis. METHODS: Apoptosis was assessed by ELISA quantification of nucleosomal release, Hoechst staining and activated caspase-3/7 measure in cultured RA FLS stimulated with anti-Fas antibody. Two Phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein Kinase B (PI3 Kinase) inhibitors, Wortmannine and LY294002, were used before anti-Fas stimulation. Proapoptotic BH3 interacting domain death agonist (Bid) was suppressed in RA FLS by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Bid was overexpressed by transfection with the pDsRed2-Bid vector. Phosphorylated Akt, caspase-9, and Bid expression were analysed by western blot. RESULTS: PI3 kinase inhibition sensitizes RA FLS to Fas-induced apoptosis by increasing cleavage of Bid protein. Bid suppression completely abrogated Fas-induced apoptosis and Bid overexpression highly increased apoptotic rate of RA FLS in association with cleavage of caspase-9. CONCLUSIONS: In RA FLS, phosphorylation of Akt protects against Fas-induced apoptosis through inhibition of Bid cleavage. The connection between the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways are critical in this Fas- mediated apoptosis and points to PI3Kinase as potential therapeutic target for RA.
        PMID: 20187936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
    
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  <title>[Construction and screening of neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66 eukaryotic expression vectors]</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6161</link>
      <description> [Construction and screening of neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66 eukaryotic expression vectors] Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Feb;24(2):185-9 Authors: Li R, Dang X, Li L, Wang K, Bai C, Bao L, Lou G OBJECTIVE: To construct and screen neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66-small interfering RNA (nogo66-siRNA) eukaryotic expression vectors of effective interference, so as to lay a foundation for further reconstruction of related viral vector. METHODS: The nogo66-siRNA fragments were desig ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
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        [Construction and screening of neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66 eukaryotic expression vectors]
        Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Feb;24(2):185-9
        Authors:  Li R, Dang X, Li L, Wang K, Bai C, Bao L, Lou G
        OBJECTIVE: To construct and screen neurite outgrowth inhibitory 66-small interfering RNA (nogo66-siRNA) eukaryotic expression vectors of effective interference, so as to lay a foundation for further reconstruction of related viral vector. METHODS: The nogo66-siRNA fragments were designed and cloned into pGenesil-1.1, 4 plasmids of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-1, pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-2, pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-hk, and pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-kb were obtained, sequenced and identified, then were transfected into C6 cell line. The transfection efficiency was measured by fluorescence microscope. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of nogo gene and select the plasmid of effective interference. RESULTS: DNA sequencing results showed interference sequences were correct. The bands of 800 bp and 4.3 kb were detected when pGenesil-nogo66-siRNAs were digested by Kpn I/Xho I. The expression of green fluorescent protein could be detected under fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was about 73%. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that compared to non-transfected cells, the transfection of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-1 made the expression of nogo gene decline 22% and the expression of nogo protein decline 73%; the transfection of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-2 made the expression of nogo gene decline 28% and the expression of nogo protein decline 78%; the differences were significant (P < 0.05); and the transfection of pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-hk and pGenesil-nogo66-siRNA-kb did not make the expressions of nogo gene and nogo protein decrease significantly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nogo66-siRNA eukaryotic expression vector is successfully constructed, it lays an experimental foundation for repair of spinal cord injury.
        PMID: 20187450 [PubMed - in process]
    
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  <title>Immunological and therapeutic strategies against salmonid cryptobiosis.</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/d3pipes/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=6163</link>
      <description> Related Articles Immunological and therapeutic strategies against salmonid cryptobiosis. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:341783 Authors: Woo PT Salmonid cryptobiosis is caused by the haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica. Clinical signs of the disease in salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) include exophthalmia, general oedema, abdominal distension with ascites, anaemia, and anorexia. The disease-causing factor is a metalloprotease and the monoclonal antibody (mAb-001) against it is therapeutic. MAb-001  ...</description>
        <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 17:17:27 +0900</pubDate>
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  Related Articles
        Immunological and therapeutic strategies against salmonid cryptobiosis.
        J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:341783
        Authors:  Woo PT
        Salmonid cryptobiosis is caused by the haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica. Clinical signs of the disease in salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) include exophthalmia, general oedema, abdominal distension with ascites, anaemia, and anorexia. The disease-causing factor is a metalloprotease and the monoclonal antibody (mAb-001) against it is therapeutic. MAb-001 does not fix complement but agglutinates the parasite. Some brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis cannot be infected (Cryptobia-resistant); this resistance is controlled by a dominant Mendelian locus and is inherited. In Cryptobia-resistant charr the pathogen is lysed via the Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation. However, some charr can be infected and they have high parasitaemias with no disease (Cryptobia-tolerant). In infected Cryptobia-tolerant charr the metalloprotease is neutralized by a natural antiprotease, alpha2 macroglobulin. Two vaccines have been developed. A single dose of the attenuated vaccine protects 100% of salmonids (juveniles and adults) for at least 24 months. Complement fixing antibody production and cell-mediated response in vaccinated fish rise significantly after challenge. Fish injected with the DNA vaccine initially have slight anaemias but they recover and have agglutinating antibodies. On challenge, DNA-vaccinated fish have lower parasitaemias, delayed peak parasitaemias and faster recoveries. Isometamidium chloride is therapeutic against the pathogen and its effectiveness is increased after conjugation to antibodies.
        PMID: 20052385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
    
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  <title>signal transduction; +134 new citations</title>
  <link>http://biomarket.jp/modules/pubmed/index.php?page=clipping&amp;clipping_id=3867</link>
      <description>134 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search.Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:signal transductionThese pubmed results were generated on 2010/03/02PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950&apos;s.These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.</description>
        <pubDate>Tue, 02 Mar 2010 20:04:20 +0900</pubDate>
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        <category>Report</category>
      
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134 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search.
Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

signal transduction
These pubmed results were generated on 2010/03/02PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million 
citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's.
These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. 
PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

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